Latitudinal Characteristics of Nighttime Electron Temperature in the Topside Ionosphere and Its Dependence on Solar and Geomagnetic Activities
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Datasets, Statistical Methods, and Models
2.1. Datasets
2.2. Methods
2.3. Models
3. Results
3.1. Magnetic Latitudinal Characteristics of Electron Temperature
3.2. Movement of Temperature Characteristic Positions
3.3. Variations in the Electron Temperature and Density Value
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Appendix B
Year | Equator | Sub-Auroral Latitude | Auroral Latitude | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NH | SH | NH | SH | |||||||
Quiet | Disturbance | Quiet | Disturbance | Quiet | Disturbance | Quiet | Disturbance | Quiet | Disturbance | |
2013 | 2.23 × 10−22 | 2.57 × 10−24 | 0 | 6.89 × 10−94 | 5.5 × 10−307 | 4.3 × 10−228 | 1.08 × 10−90 | 1.87 × 10−36 | 5.0 × 10−139 | 2.77 × 10−64 |
2014 | 5.28 × 10−30 | 0.00100 | 1.1 × 10−238 | 3.5e × 10−287 | 0 | 6.5 × 10−171 | 5.4 × 10−111 | 0 | 3.8 × 10−118 | 4.66 × 10−74 |
2015 | 5.0 × 10−106 | 4.2 × 10−231 | 1.9 × 10−202 | 0 | 0 | 5.2 × 10−163 | 8.41 × 10−12 | 3.1 × 10−177 | 1.1 × 10−238 | 3.44 × 10−58 |
2016 | 1.99 × 10−31 | 4.15 × 10−59 | 0 | 2.4 × 10−302 | 0 | 0 | 3.10 × 10−17 | 5.39 × 10−7 | 0 | 3.0 × 10−248 |
2017 | 8.17 × 10−69 | 2.26 × 10−26 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.03 × 10−28 | 1.45 × 10−7 | Nan | Nan |
2018 | 9.3 × 10−161 | 1.15 × 10−62 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4.9 × 10−143 | 1.11 × 10−43 | Nan | Nan |
2019 | 5.50 × 10−44 | 2.91 × 10−27 | 0 | 6.0 × 10−257 | 0 | 0 | 8.1 × 10−150 | 5.16 × 10−7 | Nan | Nan |
2020 | 7.2 × 10−296 | 1.0 × 10−105 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7.2 × 10−213 | 1.47 × 10−88 | 5.19 × 10−40 | Nan | Nan |
2021 | 0 | 7.4 × 10−134 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5.46 × 10−26 | 0.00119 | Nan | Nan |
2022 | 0.000165 | 1.45 × 10−9 | 0 | 0 | 1.1 × 10−179 | 0 | 2.59 × 10−16 | 1.74 × 10−21 | 0 | 2.6 × 10−188 |
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Liang, J.; Xu, J.; Wu, K.; Luo, J. Latitudinal Characteristics of Nighttime Electron Temperature in the Topside Ionosphere and Its Dependence on Solar and Geomagnetic Activities. Remote Sens. 2024, 16, 2946. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16162946
Liang J, Xu J, Wu K, Luo J. Latitudinal Characteristics of Nighttime Electron Temperature in the Topside Ionosphere and Its Dependence on Solar and Geomagnetic Activities. Remote Sensing. 2024; 16(16):2946. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16162946
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiang, Jianyun, Jiyao Xu, Kun Wu, and Ji Luo. 2024. "Latitudinal Characteristics of Nighttime Electron Temperature in the Topside Ionosphere and Its Dependence on Solar and Geomagnetic Activities" Remote Sensing 16, no. 16: 2946. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16162946