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Article

Assessment of Satellite Differential Code Biases and Regional Ionospheric Modeling Using Carrier-Smoothed Code of BDS GEO and IGSO Satellites

1
College of Information and Control Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, China
2
School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
3
(NWEPDI) of China Power Engineering Consulting Group, Northwest Electric Power Design Institute Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710075, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Remote Sens. 2024, 16(17), 3118; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16173118
Submission received: 23 June 2024 / Revised: 15 August 2024 / Accepted: 21 August 2024 / Published: 23 August 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Autonomous Space Navigation (Second Edition))

Abstract

The geostationary earth orbit (GEO) represents a distinctive geosynchronous orbit situated in the Earth’s equatorial plane, providing an excellent platform for long-term monitoring of ionospheric total electron content (TEC) at a quasi-invariant ionospheric pierce point (IPP). With GEO satellites having limited dual-frequency coverage, the inclined geosynchronous orbit (IGSO) emerges as a valuable resource for ionospheric modeling across a broad range of latitudes. This article evaluates satellite differential code biases (DCB) of BDS high-orbit satellites (GEO and IGSO) and assesses regional ionospheric modeling utilizing data from international GNSS services through a refined polynomial method. Results from a 48-day observation period show a stability of approximately 2.0 ns in BDS satellite DCBs across various frequency signals, correlating with the available GNSS stations and satellites. A comparative analysis between GEO and IGSO satellites in BDS2 and BDS3 reveals no significant systematic bias in satellite DCB estimations. Furthermore, high-orbit BDS satellites exhibit considerable potential for promptly detecting high-resolution fluctuations in vertical TECs compared to conventional geomagnetic activity indicators like Kp or Dst. This research also offers valuable insights into ionospheric responses over mid-latitude regions during the March 2024 geomagnetic storm, utilizing TEC estimates derived from BDS GEO and IGSO satellites.
Keywords: GEO; IGSO; differential code bias (DCB); TEC; BDS GEO; IGSO; differential code bias (DCB); TEC; BDS

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Gao, X.; Ma, Z.; Shu, L.; Pan, L.; Zhang, H.; Yang, S. Assessment of Satellite Differential Code Biases and Regional Ionospheric Modeling Using Carrier-Smoothed Code of BDS GEO and IGSO Satellites. Remote Sens. 2024, 16, 3118. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16173118

AMA Style

Gao X, Ma Z, Shu L, Pan L, Zhang H, Yang S. Assessment of Satellite Differential Code Biases and Regional Ionospheric Modeling Using Carrier-Smoothed Code of BDS GEO and IGSO Satellites. Remote Sensing. 2024; 16(17):3118. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16173118

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gao, Xiao, Zongfang Ma, Lina Shu, Lin Pan, Hailong Zhang, and Shuai Yang. 2024. "Assessment of Satellite Differential Code Biases and Regional Ionospheric Modeling Using Carrier-Smoothed Code of BDS GEO and IGSO Satellites" Remote Sensing 16, no. 17: 3118. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16173118

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