Contribution of Climatic Change and Human Activities to Vegetation Dynamics over Southwest China during 2000–2020
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Data Sets
2.2.1. NDVI Data
2.2.2. Meteorological Data
2.2.3. Vegetation Cover Data
2.3. Methods
2.3.1. Theil–Sen Median Trend Analysis and Mann–Kendall (M-K) Test
2.3.2. Selection of Extreme Climate Indices
2.3.3. Partial Correlation Analysis
2.3.4. Residual Analysis
2.3.5. The Driving Factors of NDVI Changes
3. Results
3.1. Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Vegetation Dynamics
3.2. Relationship between Climate Factors and Vegetation Dynamics
3.3. Contributions of CC and HA to Vegetation Dynamics
4. Discussion
4.1. Impact of Climate Change on Vegetation Dynamics
4.2. Impact of Human Activities on Vegetation Dynamics
4.3. Limitations and Prospects
5. Conclusions
- (1)
- NDVI trends varied across different time frames, demonstrating an overall rising trend. Annually, the regional average NDVI considerably rose at a rate of 0.02/10a, with a considerable rise in 36.34% of the area.
- (2)
- Temperature considerably influenced the northern section of the research region, whereas precipitation and extreme climate greatly impacted the southern part.
- (3)
- In Southwest China, climate change and human activities contributed 0.0008/10a and 0.0034/10a, or 19.1% and 80.9%, respectively, to the proportionate contributions of CC and HA to vegetation changes. HA dominated most places geographically, with the exception of the western Sichuan Plateau.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Indicator Name | Definition | Unit |
---|---|---|
Maximum five-day precipitation | Highest precipitation amount in five-day period | mm |
Number of heavy precipitation days | Annul count of days when PRCP ≥ 25 mm | days |
Extremely wet days | Annual total PRCP when RR > 99th percentile | days |
Consecutive dry days | Maximum number of consecutive days with RR < 1 mm | days |
Consecutive wet days | Maximum number of consecutive days with RR ≥ 1 mm | days |
Warm spell duration index | Annual count of days with at least 6 consecutive days when TX > 90th percentile | days |
Cold spell duration index | Annual count of days with at least 6 consecutive days when TN < 10th percentile | days |
Frost days | Annual count when TN (daily minimum) < 0 °C | days |
Ice days | Annual count when TX (daily maximum) < 0 °C | days |
Slope(NDVOBS) | Drivers | Relative Contribution Rate (%) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Slope(NDVICC) | Slope(NDVIHA) | CC | HA | |
>0 | >0 | >0 | ||
>0 | <0 | 100 | 0 | |
<0 | >0 | 0 | 100 | |
<0 | <0 | <0 | ||
<0 | >0 | 100 | 0 | |
>0 | <0 | 0 | 100 |
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Qi, G.; Cong, N.; Luo, M.; Qiu, T.; Rong, L.; Ren, P.; Xiao, J. Contribution of Climatic Change and Human Activities to Vegetation Dynamics over Southwest China during 2000–2020. Remote Sens. 2024, 16, 3361. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16183361
Qi G, Cong N, Luo M, Qiu T, Rong L, Ren P, Xiao J. Contribution of Climatic Change and Human Activities to Vegetation Dynamics over Southwest China during 2000–2020. Remote Sensing. 2024; 16(18):3361. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16183361
Chicago/Turabian StyleQi, Gang, Nan Cong, Man Luo, Tangzhen Qiu, Lei Rong, Ping Ren, and Jiangtao Xiao. 2024. "Contribution of Climatic Change and Human Activities to Vegetation Dynamics over Southwest China during 2000–2020" Remote Sensing 16, no. 18: 3361. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16183361