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Remote Sensing
Volume 16
Issue 19
10.3390/rs16193683
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Response of NO 5.3 μm Emission to the Geomagnetic Storm on 24 April 2023

by
Hongshan Liu
1,2,3,
Hong Gao
1,2,*,
Zheng Li
4,
Jiyao Xu
1,2,
Weihua Bai
5,
Longchang Sun
1,2 and
Zhongmu Li
6
1
State Key Laboratory of Space Weather, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
2
Key Laboratory of Solar Activity and Space Weather, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
3
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
4
Institute of Space Weather, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
5
Beijing Key Laboratory of Space Environment Exploration, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
6
Institute of Astronomy and Information, Dali University, Dali 671003, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Remote Sens. 2024, 16(19), 3683; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16193683
Submission received: 3 August 2024 / Revised: 28 September 2024 / Accepted: 30 September 2024 / Published: 2 October 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Processes and Effects of Atmospheric and Ionospheric Dynamics Based on Remote Sensing Observations)
Versions Notes

Abstract

The response of NO emission at 5.3 μm in the thermosphere to the geomagnetic storm on 24 April 2023 is analyzed using TIMED/SABER observations and TIEGCM simulations. Both the observations and the simulations indicate a significant enhancement in NO emission during the storm. Observations show two peaks around 50°S/N in the altitude–latitude distribution of NO emission and its relative variation. Additionally, the peak emission and enhancement are stronger on the nightside compared with the dayside. The peak altitude in the Northern Hemisphere is approximately 2–10 km higher than in the Southern Hemisphere; meanwhile, the peak altitude on the dayside is approximately 2–8 km higher than that on the nightside. Simulations reveal three peaks around 50°S, the equator, and 65°N, with peak altitudes at higher latitudes being slightly lower than those observed. In general, the altitude–latitude distribution structure of the relative variation in simulated NO emission matches observations, with two peaks around 50°S/N. TIEGCM simulations suggest that the increase in NO density and temperature during a geomagnetic storm can lead to an increase in NO emission at most altitudes and latitudes. Furthermore, the significant enhancement around 50°S/N is mainly attributed to the changes in NO density.
Keywords: geomagnetic storm; NO emission; SABER observation; TIEGCM simulation geomagnetic storm; NO emission; SABER observation; TIEGCM simulation

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Liu, H.; Gao, H.; Li, Z.; Xu, J.; Bai, W.; Sun, L.; Li, Z. Response of NO 5.3 μm Emission to the Geomagnetic Storm on 24 April 2023. Remote Sens. 2024, 16, 3683. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16193683

AMA Style

Liu H, Gao H, Li Z, Xu J, Bai W, Sun L, Li Z. Response of NO 5.3 μm Emission to the Geomagnetic Storm on 24 April 2023. Remote Sensing. 2024; 16(19):3683. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16193683

Chicago/Turabian Style

Liu, Hongshan, Hong Gao, Zheng Li, Jiyao Xu, Weihua Bai, Longchang Sun, and Zhongmu Li. 2024. "Response of NO 5.3 μm Emission to the Geomagnetic Storm on 24 April 2023" Remote Sensing 16, no. 19: 3683. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16193683

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