A Change Detection Network for Heterogeneous Remote Sensing Images Based on Decoupled Differential Architecture Search

With the advancement of Earth observation technology and the improvement of multisource data acquisition capabilities, heterogeneous remote sensing image change detection technology has become increasingly important. However, existing heterogeneous remote sensing image change detection methods rely largely on fixed network architectures, which makes adapting to complex modal differences and severe noise interference difficult. To address these issues, in this paper, a decoupled differential search-based graph change detection network (DDS-Net) is proposed. First, the model designs a decoupled differential search-based dual-stream graph encoder (DDSGE). By decoupling the search space from the optimization strategy, it automatically optimizes feature extraction operators and graph topologies for different modalities, thereby significantly increasing feature adaptability while reducing computational complexity. Second, to address nonlinear geometric distortions between heterogeneous images, in this paper, a heterogeneous spatiotemporal alignment module that is based on differential localization search (HSTAM) is proposed. This module uses a local soft attention mechanism to dynamically correct registration errors in the feature space. Furthermore, to suppress erroneous graph connections caused by noise, structural consistency and smooth denoising (SCSD) loss is introduced, and deep semantic feedback and graph smoothing regularization constraints are collaboratively used to dynamically generate graphs, thereby effectively increasing the internal consistency of the transformed graph and suppressing misconnection noise. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that this method significantly improves the robustness and accuracy of the model in complex registration error scenarios while maintaining computational efficiency.