Weight Gain and Liver Steatosis in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Anthropometric and Cardiovascular Risk Factors Assessment
2.2. IBD Activity Indexes
2.3. Liver Transient Elastography
2.4. Biochemical Evaluation
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Mean ± SD |
---|---|
Age (years) | 44 ± 13 |
IBD duration (years) | 8 ± 7 |
Follow-up time (months) | 48 ± 3 |
HBI | 1.2 ± 1.9 |
MCI | 0.9 ± 1.6 |
SES-CD | 2.5 ± 1.2 |
Rutgeerts score * | 1.5 ± 0.5 |
Weight (Kg) | 71 ± 11 |
BMI (Kg/m2) | 25 ± 3 |
Glucose (mg/dL) | 95 ± 20 |
Insulin (μIU/ml) | 11 ± 6 |
HOMA-IR | 1.6 ± 1.7 |
Total Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 180 ± 44 |
Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 118 ± 70 |
HDL Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 54 ± 17 |
LDL Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 116 ± 33 |
AST (IU/L) | 19 ± 7 |
ALT (IU/L) | 21 ± 16 |
γGT (IU/L) | 24 ± 17 |
Total Bilirubin (mg/dL) | 0.63 ± 0.4 |
CAP score (dB/m) | 237 ± 49 |
IQR (%) | 11 ± 6 |
Liver Stiffness (kPa) | 4.7 ± 1 |
IQR (%) | 12 ± 7 |
Prevalence | |
Gender (Male, %) | 63 |
Smokers (%) | 6 |
Crohn’s disease (%) | 33 |
Ulcerative colitis (%) | 67 |
Overweight/Obesity (%) | 55 |
T2DM (%) | 14 |
CCS (%) | 6 |
antiTNFα (%) | 18 |
5ASA (%) | 93 |
AZA/6-MP (%) | 18 |
Methotrexate (%) | 1 |
Variables | Improved a (n = 16) | Stable b (n = 56) | Worsened c (n = 17) | p-Value | Post-Hoc | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 42 ± 11 | 45 ± 13 | 45 ± 15 | 0.76 | / | |
IBD duration (years) | 9 ± 6 | 9 ± 7 | 7 ± 5 | 0.72 | / | |
Follow-up time (months) | 48 ± 4 | 47 ± 3 | 48 ± 3 | 0.46 | / | |
HBI baseline | 0 ± 0 | 1.6 ± 2 | 0.8 ± 1.8 | 0.21 | / | |
HBI follow-up | 0.60 ± 1.3 | 1.1 ± 1.9 | 2.0 ± 4.5 | 0.61 | / | |
MCI baseline | 1.3 ± 1.7 | 0.9 ± 1.8 | 0.7 ± 1 | 0.67 | / | |
MCI follow-up | 1.5 ± 2.4 | 0.7 ± 1.8 | 1.8 ± 2.2 | 0.18 | / | |
SES-CD baseline | 4 ± 1 | 2.2 ± 0.8 | 2.4 ± 1 | 0.017 | a vs c 0.03 a vs b 0.005 | |
SES-CD follow-up | 4 ± 1 | 2.2 ± 0.8 | 2.4 ± 1 | 0.017 | a vs c 0.03 a vs b 0.005 | |
Weight baseline (Kg) | 72 ± 8 | 71 ± 11 | 68 ± 10 | 0.52 | / | |
Weight follow-up (Kg) | 71 ± 10 | 73 ± 14 | 73 ± 10 | 0.72 | / | |
Δ Weight (Kg) | −1.0 ± 4 | 2.5 ± 6 | 5.4 ± 5 | 0.009 | a vs c 0.009 | |
BMI baseline (Kg/m2) | 26 ± 3 | 25 ± 3 | 24 ± 3 | 0.33 | / | |
BMI follow-up (Kg/m2) | 25 ± 3 | 26 ± 4 | 27 ± 4 | 0.46 | / | |
Δ BMI (Kg/m2) | −0.8 ± 1 | 0.94 ± 3 | 2.5 ± 3 | 0.002 | a vs c 0.002 | |
Glucose (mg/dL) | 98 ± 20 | 92 ± 18 | 104 ± 24 | 0.20 | / | |
Insulin (μIU/ml) | 13 ± 7 | 10 ± 6 | 10 ± 4 | 0.27 | / | |
HOMA-IR | 1.8 ± 1 | 1.6 ± 2 | 1.5 ± 2 | 0.94 | / | |
Total Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 180 ± 44 | 183 ± 44 | 167 ± 43 | 0.37 | / | |
Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 119 ± 50 | 123 ± 77 | 93 ± 50 | 0.27 | / | |
HDL Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 56 ± 15 | 54 ± 17 | 54 ± 17 | 0.93 | / | |
LDL Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 119 ± 40 | 116 ± 29 | 116 ± 43 | 0.92 | / | |
AST (IU/L) | 22 ± 6 | 19 ± 7 | 20 ± 7 | 0.28 | / | |
ALT (IU/L) | 23 ± 12 | 21 ± 18 | 17 ± 10 | 0.51 | / | |
γGT (IU/L) | 19 ± 7 | 26 ± 19 | 22 ± 19 | 0.30 | / | |
Total Bilirubin (mg/dL) | 0.63 ± 0.4 | 0.65 ± 0.4 | 0.57 ± 0.4 | 0.80 | / | |
CRP (mg/dL) | 3.6 ± 3 | 6.3 ± 14 | 3.9 ± 3 | 0.57 | / | |
CAP score baseline (dB/m) | 257 ± 34 | 236 ± 56 | 220 ± 24 | 0.092 | / | |
CAP score follow-up (dB/m) | 203 ± 33 | 234 ± 54 | 270 ± 21 | <0.001 | a vs c <0.001 b vs c 0.021 | |
Δ CAP (dB/m) | −53 ± 21 | −2.1 ± 18 | 51 ± 36 | <0.001 | a vs b <0.001 a vs c <0.001 b vs c <0.001 | |
Liver Stiffness baseline (kPa) | 4.1 ± 1 | 4.9 ± 1 | 4.7 ± 1 | 0.021 | a vs b 0.021 | |
Liver Stiffness follow-up (kPa) | 4.2 ± 1 | 5.1 ± 1 | 5.5 ± 1 | 0.015 | a vs c 0.018 | |
Δ Stiffness (kPa) | 0.15 ± 1 | 0.21 ± 1 | 0.76 ± 2 | 0.28 | / | |
Prevalence | ||||||
Gender (Male, %) | 75 | 63 | 53 | 0.42 | ||
Smokers (%) | 6 | 5 | 9 | 0.92 | ||
Ulcerative colitis (%) | 69 | 66 | 71 | 0.93 | ||
Overweight/Obesity baseline (%) | 69 | 55 | 41 | 0.28 | ||
Overweight/Obesity follow-up (%) | 50 | 66 | 77 | 0.27 | ||
T2DM (%) | 17 | 9 | 27 | 0.29 | ||
CCS (%) | 6 | 7 | 0 | 0.53 | ||
antiTNFα (%) | 19 | 20 | 12 | 0.75 | ||
5ASA (%) | 94 | 93 | 94 | 0.98 | ||
AZA/6-MP (%) | 31 | 14 | 18 | 0.29 | ||
Methotrexate (%) | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0.12 | ||
Liver fibrosis (%) | 0 | 5 | 12 | 0.36 |
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Spagnuolo, R.; Montalcini, T.; De Bonis, D.; Ferro, Y.; Cosco, C.; Mazza, E.; Romeo, S.; Doldo, P.; Pujia, A. Weight Gain and Liver Steatosis in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Nutrients 2019, 11, 303. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11020303
Spagnuolo R, Montalcini T, De Bonis D, Ferro Y, Cosco C, Mazza E, Romeo S, Doldo P, Pujia A. Weight Gain and Liver Steatosis in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Nutrients. 2019; 11(2):303. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11020303
Chicago/Turabian StyleSpagnuolo, Rocco, Tiziana Montalcini, Daniele De Bonis, Yvelise Ferro, Cristina Cosco, Elisa Mazza, Stefano Romeo, Patrizia Doldo, and Arturo Pujia. 2019. "Weight Gain and Liver Steatosis in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases" Nutrients 11, no. 2: 303. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11020303