Walnut Polyphenol Extract Protects against Malathion- and Chlorpyrifos-Induced Immunotoxicity by Modulating TLRx-NOX-ROS
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Experimental Animals
2.3. Preparation of Splenocytes
2.4. Preparation of the WPE
2.5. Cell Viability Assay
2.6. Flow Cytometry
2.7. ELISA
2.8. Antioxidant Enzyme Activities and Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress
2.9. Western Blotting
2.10. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Effects of WPE on MT- and CPF-Induced Toxicity in Splenocytes
3.2. Effects of WPE on the Cytotoxicity of MT and CPF on Splenic Lymphocyte Subpopulations
3.3. Effects of WPE on Cytokine Production by MT- or CPF-Stimulated Cells
3.4. Effects of WPE on Levels of Apoptosis-Associated Proteins
3.5. Effects of WPE on the Production of ROS in MT- and CPF-Stimulated Cells
3.6. Effects of WPE on MT- or CPF-Induced NOX and TLR Expression
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Zhao, Y.; Fan, C.; Zhang, A.; Zhang, Y.; Wang, F.; Weng, Q.; Xu, M. Walnut Polyphenol Extract Protects against Malathion- and Chlorpyrifos-Induced Immunotoxicity by Modulating TLRx-NOX-ROS. Nutrients 2020, 12, 616. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12030616
Zhao Y, Fan C, Zhang A, Zhang Y, Wang F, Weng Q, Xu M. Walnut Polyphenol Extract Protects against Malathion- and Chlorpyrifos-Induced Immunotoxicity by Modulating TLRx-NOX-ROS. Nutrients. 2020; 12(3):616. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12030616
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhao, Yue, Chang Fan, Ao Zhang, Yue Zhang, Fengjun Wang, Qiang Weng, and Meiyu Xu. 2020. "Walnut Polyphenol Extract Protects against Malathion- and Chlorpyrifos-Induced Immunotoxicity by Modulating TLRx-NOX-ROS" Nutrients 12, no. 3: 616. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12030616