Association of the Omega-3 Index with Incident Prostate Cancer with Updated Meta-Analysis: The Cooper Center Longitudinal Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
Statistical Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Value |
---|---|
Age (years) | 53.4 (8.4) |
White (332 missing) (%) | 4929 (93.4%) |
Omega-3 Index (%) | 6.0 (1.9) |
BMI (kg/m2) | 27.7 (3.9) |
Maximal METS (674 missing) | 11.5 (2.1) |
Glucose (mmol/L) | 5.4 (0.8) |
Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.8 (1.0) |
HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.4 (0.4) |
Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.3 (0.9) |
Systolic BP (mmHg) | 120.8 (12.0) |
Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 79.8 (8.7) |
Prostate-specific antigen (ng/mL) | 1.1 (0.7) |
Alcohol (drinks/week) | 6.7 (6.7) |
Current Smoking, n (%) | 537 (9.6%) |
Omega-3 supplement use (369 missing), n (%) | 2107 (40.2%) |
Modeling Age of Diagnosis | Modeling Time to Diagnosis | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Omega-3 Index | HR (95% CI) | Adjusted HR 1 (95% CI) | Unadjusted HR (95% CI) | Age-Adjusted HR (95% CI) | Adjusted HR 2 (95% CI) | |
Quintile | Q1: O3I < 4.4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Q2: 4.4 ≤ O3I <5.3 | 0.54 (0.27,1.07) | 0.52 (0.26,1.04) | 0.64 (0.32,1.28) | 0.57 (0.29,1.14) | 0.54 (0.27,1.08) | |
Q3: 5.3 ≤ O3I <6.3 | 0.72 (0.39,1.30) | 0.72 (0.39,1.31) | 0.94 (0.52,1.71) | 0.78 (0.43,1.42) | 0.79 (0.43,1.44) | |
Q4: 6.3 ≤ O3I <7.6 | 0.67 (0.37,1.21) | 0.64 (0.36,1.16) | 0.99 (0.55,1.78) | 0.75 (0.42,1.36) | 0.71 (0.39,1.29) | |
Q5: 7.6 ≥ O3I | 0.61 (0.34,1.07) | 0.55 (0.31,0.98) | 1.17 (0.67,2.07) | 0.73 (0.41,1.30) | 0.65 (0.36,1.16) | |
P for trend | 0.2 | 0.13 | 0.25 | 0.6 | 0.36 | |
Category | O3I < 4% | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
O3I 4–8% | 0.73 (0.41,1.30) | 0.70 (0.39,1.26) | 1.02 (0.57,1.83) | 0.81 (0.45,1.46) | 0.78 (0.44,1.41) | |
O3I > 8% | 0.65 (0.33,1.27) | 0.60 (0.30,1.19) | 1.31 (0.67,2.58) | 0.79 (0.4,1.56) | 0.72 (0.36,1.43) | |
P for trend | 0.2 | 0.17 | 0.2 | 0.23 | 0.38 | |
Continuous | (per 1%) | 0.95 (0.86,1.04) | 0.93 (0.85,1.03) | 1.06 (0.97,1.17) | 0.98 (0.89,1.07) | 0.96 (0.87,1.06) |
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Farrell, S.W.; DeFina, L.F.; Tintle, N.L.; Leonard, D.; Cooper, K.H.; Barlow, C.E.; Haskell, W.L.; Pavlovic, A.; Harris, W.S. Association of the Omega-3 Index with Incident Prostate Cancer with Updated Meta-Analysis: The Cooper Center Longitudinal Study. Nutrients 2021, 13, 384. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13020384
Farrell SW, DeFina LF, Tintle NL, Leonard D, Cooper KH, Barlow CE, Haskell WL, Pavlovic A, Harris WS. Association of the Omega-3 Index with Incident Prostate Cancer with Updated Meta-Analysis: The Cooper Center Longitudinal Study. Nutrients. 2021; 13(2):384. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13020384
Chicago/Turabian StyleFarrell, Stephen W., Laura F. DeFina, Nathan L. Tintle, David Leonard, Kenneth H. Cooper, Carolyn E. Barlow, William L. Haskell, Andjelka Pavlovic, and William S. Harris. 2021. "Association of the Omega-3 Index with Incident Prostate Cancer with Updated Meta-Analysis: The Cooper Center Longitudinal Study" Nutrients 13, no. 2: 384. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13020384