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Nutrients
Volume 14
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10.3390/nu14163368
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Article

Survival of Vaccine-Induced Human Milk SARS-CoV-2 IgG, IgA and SIgA Immunoglobulins across Simulated Human Infant Gastrointestinal Digestion

by
Myrtani Pieri
1,*,
Maria-Arsenia Maniori
1,
Lucy Shahabian
1,
Elie Kanaan
1,
Irene Paphiti-Demetriou
2,
Spyros Pipis
3,4,
Kyriakos Felekkis
1,
Vicky Nicolaidou
1,* and
Christos Papaneophytou
1,*
1
Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, 46 Makedonitissas Avenue, Nicosia CY-1700, Cyprus
2
Cyprus Breastfeeding Association, Nicosia CY-2007, Cyprus
3
Medical School, University of Nicosia, Nicosia CY-2408, Cyprus
4
Aretaeio Hospital, 55-57, Andrea Avraamidi St, Strovolos, Nicosia CY-2024, Cyprus
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nutrients 2022, 14(16), 3368; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14163368
Submission received: 19 July 2022 / Revised: 9 August 2022 / Accepted: 12 August 2022 / Published: 17 August 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Breastfeeding: From Nutrition to Immunological Action)
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Abstract

Breastfeeding can be a vital way of acquiring passive immunity via the transfer of antibodies from the mother to the breastfeeding infant. Recent evidence points to the fact that human milk contains immunoglobulins (Ig) against the SARS-CoV-2 virus, either after natural infection or vaccination, but whether these antibodies can resist enzymatic degradation during digestion in the infant gastrointestinal (GI) tract or indeed protect the consumers remains inconclusive. Herein, we evaluated the levels of IgG, IgA, and secretory IgA (SIgA) antibodies against the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 in 43 lactating mothers who received at least two doses of either an mRNA-based vaccine (Pfizer/BioNTech, Moderna; n = 34) or an adenovirus-based vaccine (AstraZeneca; n = 9). We also accessed the potential persistence of SARS-CoV-2 IgA, IgG, and secretory IgA (SIgA) antibodies from vaccinated women in the GI tract of the infants by means of a static in vitro digestion protocol. Our data depict that, although slightly reduced, the IgA antibodies produced after vaccination resist both the gastric and intestinal phases of infant digestion, whereas the IgGs are more prone to degradation in both phases of digestion. Additionally, SIgA antibodies were found to greatly resist the gastric phase of digestion albeit showing some reduction during the intestinal phase. The evaluation of the vaccine induced Ig profile of breastmilk, and the extent to which these antibodies can resist digestion in the infant GI tract provide important information about the potential protective role of this form of passive immunity that could help decision making during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond.
Keywords: immunoglobulins; COVID-19; breastfeeding; vaccination; digestion immunoglobulins; COVID-19; breastfeeding; vaccination; digestion

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MDPI and ACS Style

Pieri, M.; Maniori, M.-A.; Shahabian, L.; Kanaan, E.; Paphiti-Demetriou, I.; Pipis, S.; Felekkis, K.; Nicolaidou, V.; Papaneophytou, C. Survival of Vaccine-Induced Human Milk SARS-CoV-2 IgG, IgA and SIgA Immunoglobulins across Simulated Human Infant Gastrointestinal Digestion. Nutrients 2022, 14, 3368. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14163368

AMA Style

Pieri M, Maniori M-A, Shahabian L, Kanaan E, Paphiti-Demetriou I, Pipis S, Felekkis K, Nicolaidou V, Papaneophytou C. Survival of Vaccine-Induced Human Milk SARS-CoV-2 IgG, IgA and SIgA Immunoglobulins across Simulated Human Infant Gastrointestinal Digestion. Nutrients. 2022; 14(16):3368. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14163368

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pieri, Myrtani, Maria-Arsenia Maniori, Lucy Shahabian, Elie Kanaan, Irene Paphiti-Demetriou, Spyros Pipis, Kyriakos Felekkis, Vicky Nicolaidou, and Christos Papaneophytou. 2022. "Survival of Vaccine-Induced Human Milk SARS-CoV-2 IgG, IgA and SIgA Immunoglobulins across Simulated Human Infant Gastrointestinal Digestion" Nutrients 14, no. 16: 3368. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14163368

APA Style

Pieri, M., Maniori, M.-A., Shahabian, L., Kanaan, E., Paphiti-Demetriou, I., Pipis, S., Felekkis, K., Nicolaidou, V., & Papaneophytou, C. (2022). Survival of Vaccine-Induced Human Milk SARS-CoV-2 IgG, IgA and SIgA Immunoglobulins across Simulated Human Infant Gastrointestinal Digestion. Nutrients, 14(16), 3368. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14163368

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