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Nutrients
Volume 14
Issue 3
10.3390/nu14030688
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Review

Prenatal and Postnatal Choline Supplementation in Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder

by
Abigail M. Ernst
1,
Blake A. Gimbel
2,
Erik de Water
3,
Judith K. Eckerle
1,
Joshua P. Radke
4,
Michael K. Georgieff
1 and
Jeffrey R. Wozniak
1,*
1
Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN 55414, USA
2
Proof Alliance, St. Paul, MN 55104, USA
3
Great Lakes Neurobehavioral Center, Edina, MN 55435, USA
4
Fagron Holdings, LLC, St. Paul, MN 55120, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nutrients 2022, 14(3), 688; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14030688
Submission received: 21 December 2021 / Revised: 31 January 2022 / Accepted: 3 February 2022 / Published: 6 February 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Roles of Maternal and Child Nutrition in Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD): From Mechanistic Insights to Opportunities for Intervention)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is common and represents a significant public health burden, yet very few interventions have been tested in FASD. Cognitive deficits are core features of FASD, ranging from broad intellectual impairment to selective problems in attention, executive functioning, memory, visual–perceptual/motor skills, social cognition, and academics. One potential intervention for the cognitive impairments associated with FASD is the essential nutrient choline, which is known to have numerous direct effects on brain and cognition in both typical and atypical development. We provide a summary of the literature supporting the use of choline as a neurodevelopmental intervention in those affected by prenatal alcohol. We first discuss how alcohol interferes with normal brain development. We then provide a comprehensive overview of the nutrient choline and discuss its role in typical brain development and its application in the optimization of brain development following early insult. Next, we review the preclinical literature that provides evidence of choline’s potential as an intervention following alcohol exposure. Then, we review a handful of existing human studies of choline supplementation in FASD. Lastly, we conclude with a review of practical considerations in choline supplementation, including dose, formulation, and feasibility in children.
Keywords: fetal alcohol spectrum disorders; choline; brain; randomized controlled trials; longitudinal studies fetal alcohol spectrum disorders; choline; brain; randomized controlled trials; longitudinal studies

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MDPI and ACS Style

Ernst, A.M.; Gimbel, B.A.; de Water, E.; Eckerle, J.K.; Radke, J.P.; Georgieff, M.K.; Wozniak, J.R. Prenatal and Postnatal Choline Supplementation in Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder. Nutrients 2022, 14, 688. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14030688

AMA Style

Ernst AM, Gimbel BA, de Water E, Eckerle JK, Radke JP, Georgieff MK, Wozniak JR. Prenatal and Postnatal Choline Supplementation in Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder. Nutrients. 2022; 14(3):688. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14030688

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ernst, Abigail M., Blake A. Gimbel, Erik de Water, Judith K. Eckerle, Joshua P. Radke, Michael K. Georgieff, and Jeffrey R. Wozniak. 2022. "Prenatal and Postnatal Choline Supplementation in Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder" Nutrients 14, no. 3: 688. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14030688

APA Style

Ernst, A. M., Gimbel, B. A., de Water, E., Eckerle, J. K., Radke, J. P., Georgieff, M. K., & Wozniak, J. R. (2022). Prenatal and Postnatal Choline Supplementation in Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder. Nutrients, 14(3), 688. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14030688

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