Role of Vitamin C in Selected Malignant Neoplasms in Women
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Oral Versus Intravenous Delivery of Vitamin C
1.2. Anti-Cancer Mechanism of Action of Vitamin C
2. Breast Cancer
2.1. In Vitro and In Vivo Activity
2.2. Effects in Cancer Patients
3. Cervical Cancer
3.1. In Vitro Activity
3.2. Effects in Cancer Patients
4. Endometrial Cancer
Effects in Cancer Patients
5. Ovarian Cancer
5.1. In Vitro and In Vivo Activity
5.2. Effects in Cancer Patients
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Cancer Type | Cancer Cell Line | Optimal Vitamin C Concentration | Combination Treatment | In Vivo | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Breast cancer | MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, SK-BR-3 | ≥10 mM | eribulin mesylate, fulvestrant, tamoxifen, trastuzumab | [20] | |
Hs578T, SK-BR-3 | 1.0 mM | [21] | |||
MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 | 1.0–1.5 mM | mitoxantrone | [22] | ||
MDA-MB-231 | 2.5 mM | auranofin | + | [23] | |
MDA-MB-231 | 100 µM | BET inhibitors, especially JQ1 | + | [24] | |
HCC-1428, MDA-MB-134, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-415, MDA-MB-453, T47D | 10 mM | [25] | |||
Bcap37, MDA-MB-453 | 2.0 mM | + | [26] | ||
BT-549, MDA-MB-231 | 100 µM | + | [27] | ||
MDA-MB-231 | ≥20 mM | [28] | |||
Cervical cancer | HeLa | 7.0–10 mM | [29] | ||
SiHa | 100 µg mL–1 | cisplatin | [30] | ||
HeLa | 5.0–8.0 mM | [31] | |||
HeLa | 1.0–10 mM | cisplatin, doxorubicin | [32] | ||
HeLa | 1.0 µM | adriamycin, bleomycin, etoposide, cisplatin | [33] | ||
Ovarian cancer | A2780, OVCAR3, OVCAR5, OVCAR8, OVCAR10, SHIN3, SKVO3 | 0.3–3.0 mM | carboplatin, paclitaxel | + | [34] |
ID8 | 1.5–2.0 mM | + | [35] |
Cancer Type | Vitamin C Administration | Dose of Vitamin C | Study Protocol | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
Breast cancer | intravenously | <1.0 g kg−1 or >1.0 g kg−1 | Vitamin C was administered twice a week for at least four weeks during radiation therapy | [45] |
intravenously | 7.5 g per infusion | Vitamin C was administered once a week during adjuvant therapy, for a minimum of four weeks; vitamin C was not administered on the days of chemo- and radiotherapy | [46] | |
orally | Celin 500 mg | Vitamin C was administered along with vitamin E (Evion 400 mg) and tamoxifen (10 mg twice a day) for 45 or 90 days | [47] | |
no data | no data | Cancer patients were treated with vitamin C after 45 or 90 days with tamoxifen | [48] | |
Ovarian cancer | intravenously | 25–75 g daily | Vitamin C infusion progressively increased up to 75 g per day over a period of 28 days, then it was maintained two times a week for 12 months, and once a week for next six months. The treatment was further reduced to one dose every two weeks for another six months and finally to every three or four weeks until five years post-operation | [41] |
orally, then parenterally | Case 1: 9.0 g plus 15–60 g per infusion Case 2: 3.0 g plus 15–60 g per infusion | Case 1: Vitamin C infusions were given two times per week, after which the patient continued vitamin C infusions once per week Case 2: Vitamin C infusions for one week and then began twice weekly infusions, which continues to date 36 months post-diagnosis | [49] |
Cancer Type | Title of Clinical Trial | Study Description | Status | Publications of Results | ClinicalTrials.gov (accessed on 14 January 2022) Identifier |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Breast cancer | Effect of vitamin C and E in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy | Determining effects of vitamin C (and vitamin E) use in combination with chemotherapeutic agents in breast cancer patients | Recruiting | No results posted | NCT04463459 |
Intravenous ascorbic acid supplementation in neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer | Randomized (phase I/II) study of the effects of parenteral administration of vitamin C in addition to conventional cancer therapy in women with breast cancer | Unknown | No results posted | NCT03175341 | |
Cervical (and ovarian) cancer | Safety of antioxidants during GYN cancer care | Pilot study (phase II) to assess the safety and efficacy of high doses of antioxidants, including vitamin C, in patients with gynecological cancer (cervical cancer, uterine cancer or ovarian cancer) | Completed | No results posted | NCT00284427 |
Ovarian cancer | Treatment of newly diagnosed ovarian cancer with antioxidants | Determining the possible benefits or harms of using antioxidant dietary supplements, including vitamin C, in combination with classic oncological drugs (paclitaxel, carboplatin) in the treatment of ovarian cancer | Completed | Administration of vitamin C together with chemotherapeutic agents (paclitaxel, carboplatin) reduced the toxicity associated with the use of oncology drugs in patients with ovarian cancer [34] | NCT00228319 |
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Markowska, A.; Antoszczak, M.; Markowska, J.; Huczyński, A. Role of Vitamin C in Selected Malignant Neoplasms in Women. Nutrients 2022, 14, 882. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14040882
Markowska A, Antoszczak M, Markowska J, Huczyński A. Role of Vitamin C in Selected Malignant Neoplasms in Women. Nutrients. 2022; 14(4):882. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14040882
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarkowska, Anna, Michał Antoszczak, Janina Markowska, and Adam Huczyński. 2022. "Role of Vitamin C in Selected Malignant Neoplasms in Women" Nutrients 14, no. 4: 882. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14040882