The Effect of Fermentable, Oligosaccharides, Disaccharides, Monosaccharides, and Polyols (FODMAP) Meals on Transient Lower Esophageal Relaxations (TLESR) in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) Patients with Overlapping Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Subjects
2.2. Study Design
2.3. Interventional Meals
2.4. Breath Tests
2.5. Evaluation of TLESRs
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Effects of Wheat vs. Rice Ingestion on TLESR
3.2. Effects of Wheat vs. Rice Ingestion on GER and Other GI Symptoms
3.3. Effects of Wheat vs. Rice Ingestion on Intestinal Gas Production
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Wheat Noodles (n = 8) | Rice Noodles (n = 8) | |
---|---|---|
GERD symptoms (Visual analog scale 0–10) | ||
Heartburn | 1.0 (1.0–1.8) | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) |
Regurgitation | 2.0 (1.0–3.0) | 2.0 (2.0–2.8) |
Other GI symptoms (Visual analog scale 0–10) | ||
Bloating | 3.5 (2.3–4.0) | 2.5 (1.3–3.0) |
Satiety | 3.0 (2.0–3.8) | 2.0 (0.3–4.0) |
Abdominal pain | 1.5 (1.0–2.0) | 1.0 (1.0–2.0) |
Stool urgency | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) | 1.5 (1.0–2.0) |
Nausea/Vomiting | 2.0 (2.0–3.8) | 2.0 (2.0–3.0) |
Belching | 2.0 (1.3–3.8) | 2.0 (2.0–2.0) |
Chest discomfort | 0.00 | 0.00 |
Flatulence | 1.0 (1.0–1.8) | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) |
Overall GI symptoms (Visual analog scale 0–10) | 6.0 (5.3–7.0) | 5.0 (4.3–6.0) |
GERD, Gastroesophageal reflux disease; GI, Gastrointestinal |
Wheat Noodles (n = 8) | Rice Noodles (n = 8) | |
---|---|---|
Overall GI symptoms (Visual analog scale 0–10) * | 7.0 (6.0–8.8) | 4.5 (3.3–6.0) |
Average postprandial GI symptom scores (Visual analog scale 0–10) | ||
Heartburn | 2.0 (0.1–3.6) | 0.3 (0.0–1.6) |
Regurgitation * | 1.5 (0.0–6.1) | 0.3 (0.0–0.9) |
Bloating * | 7.3 (6.1–7.9) | 3.0 (0.3–5.8) |
Satiety * | 7.5 (6.6–8.9) | 3.5 (1.1–6.1) |
Abdominal pain | 0.8 (0.0–2.1) | 0.3 (0.0–1.6) |
Stool urgency | 0.3 (0.0–1.6) | 0.0 (0.0–0.5) |
Nausea/Vomiting | 0.5 (0.1–1.9) | 0.3 (0.0–0.9) |
Belching * | 3.5 (0.3–6.9) | 0.5 (0.1–0.9) |
Chest discomfort | 0.3 (0.0–1.0) | 0.3 (0.0–0.5) |
Flatulence | 1.0 (0.6–2.1) | 1.3 (0.5–1.5) |
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Plaidum, S.; Patcharatrakul, T.; Promjampa, W.; Gonlachanvit, S. The Effect of Fermentable, Oligosaccharides, Disaccharides, Monosaccharides, and Polyols (FODMAP) Meals on Transient Lower Esophageal Relaxations (TLESR) in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) Patients with Overlapping Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). Nutrients 2022, 14, 1755. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14091755
Plaidum S, Patcharatrakul T, Promjampa W, Gonlachanvit S. The Effect of Fermentable, Oligosaccharides, Disaccharides, Monosaccharides, and Polyols (FODMAP) Meals on Transient Lower Esophageal Relaxations (TLESR) in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) Patients with Overlapping Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). Nutrients. 2022; 14(9):1755. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14091755
Chicago/Turabian StylePlaidum, Suppawatsa, Tanisa Patcharatrakul, Wachinee Promjampa, and Sutep Gonlachanvit. 2022. "The Effect of Fermentable, Oligosaccharides, Disaccharides, Monosaccharides, and Polyols (FODMAP) Meals on Transient Lower Esophageal Relaxations (TLESR) in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) Patients with Overlapping Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)" Nutrients 14, no. 9: 1755. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14091755
APA StylePlaidum, S., Patcharatrakul, T., Promjampa, W., & Gonlachanvit, S. (2022). The Effect of Fermentable, Oligosaccharides, Disaccharides, Monosaccharides, and Polyols (FODMAP) Meals on Transient Lower Esophageal Relaxations (TLESR) in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) Patients with Overlapping Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). Nutrients, 14(9), 1755. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14091755