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Review

The Use of Soy Isoflavones in the Treatment of Prostate Cancer: A Focus on the Cellular Effects

by
Hans Van der Eecken
1,*,
Steven Joniau
2,
Charlien Berghen
3,
Kato Rans
3 and
Gert De Meerleer
3
1
Department of Urology, University Hospital Brussels, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
2
Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
3
Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nutrients 2023, 15(23), 4856; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15234856
Submission received: 19 October 2023 / Revised: 18 November 2023 / Accepted: 19 November 2023 / Published: 21 November 2023
(This article belongs to the Section Nutrition and Public Health)

Abstract

A possible link between diet and cancer has long been considered, with growing interest in phytochemicals. Soy isoflavones have been associated with a reduced risk of prostate cancer in Asian populations. Of the soy isoflavones, genistein and daidzein, in particular, have been studied, but recently, equol as a derivative has gained interest because it is more biologically potent. Different mechanisms of action have already been studied for the different isoflavones in multiple conditions, such as breast, gastrointestinal, and urogenital cancers. Many of these mechanisms of action could also be demonstrated in the prostate, both in vitro and in vivo. This review focuses on the known mechanisms of action at the cellular level and compares them between genistein, daidzein, and equol. These include androgen- and estrogen-mediated pathways, regulation of the cell cycle and cell proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and metastasis. In addition, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and epigenetics are addressed.
Keywords: isoflavone; genistein; daidzein; equol; prostate cancer isoflavone; genistein; daidzein; equol; prostate cancer

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Van der Eecken, H.; Joniau, S.; Berghen, C.; Rans, K.; De Meerleer, G. The Use of Soy Isoflavones in the Treatment of Prostate Cancer: A Focus on the Cellular Effects. Nutrients 2023, 15, 4856. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15234856

AMA Style

Van der Eecken H, Joniau S, Berghen C, Rans K, De Meerleer G. The Use of Soy Isoflavones in the Treatment of Prostate Cancer: A Focus on the Cellular Effects. Nutrients. 2023; 15(23):4856. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15234856

Chicago/Turabian Style

Van der Eecken, Hans, Steven Joniau, Charlien Berghen, Kato Rans, and Gert De Meerleer. 2023. "The Use of Soy Isoflavones in the Treatment of Prostate Cancer: A Focus on the Cellular Effects" Nutrients 15, no. 23: 4856. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15234856

APA Style

Van der Eecken, H., Joniau, S., Berghen, C., Rans, K., & De Meerleer, G. (2023). The Use of Soy Isoflavones in the Treatment of Prostate Cancer: A Focus on the Cellular Effects. Nutrients, 15(23), 4856. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15234856

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