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Nutrients
Volume 15
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10.3390/nu15051261
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Article

Long-Term Exposure to Isoflavones Alters the Hormonal Steroid Homeostasis-Impairing Reproductive Function in Adult Male Wistar Rats

by
Sara Caceres
1,*,
Belén Crespo
1,
Angela Alonso-Diez
2,
Paloma Jimena de Andrés
2,
Pilar Millan
1,
Gema Silván
1,
María José Illera
1 and
Juan Carlos Illera
1
1
Department of Physiology, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
2
Department of Animal Medicine, Surgery and Pathology, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nutrients 2023, 15(5), 1261; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15051261
Submission received: 3 February 2023 / Revised: 28 February 2023 / Accepted: 28 February 2023 / Published: 2 March 2023
(This article belongs to the Section Phytochemicals and Human Health)
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Abstract

The consumption of isoflavones is gaining popularity worldwide due to their beneficial effects on health. However, isoflavones are considered to be endocrine disruptors and cause deleterious effects on hormone-sensitive organs, especially in males. Therefore, this study aimed to determine if a continuous and prolonged exposure to isoflavones in adult males altered the endocrine axis effect of testicular function. For this purpose, seventy-five adult male rats were administered with low and high mixtures of isoflavones (genistein and daidzein) for 5 months. The determination of steroid hormones (progesterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, 17β-estradiol, and estrone sulphate) was carried out in serum and testicular homogenate samples. Sperm quality parameters and testicular histology were also determined. The results revealed that low and high doses of isoflavones promote a hormonal imbalance in androgen and estrogen production, resulting in a decrease in circulating and testicular androgen levels and an increase in estrogen levels. These results are associated with a reduction in the sperm quality parameters and a reduction in the testicular weight, both in the diameter of the seminiferous tubules and the height of the germinal epithelium. Altogether, these results suggest that a continuous exposure to isoflavones in adult male rats causes a hormonal imbalance in the testes that disrupts the endocrine axis, causing defects in testicular function.
Keywords: isoflavones; testis; steroid hormones isoflavones; testis; steroid hormones

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MDPI and ACS Style

Caceres, S.; Crespo, B.; Alonso-Diez, A.; de Andrés, P.J.; Millan, P.; Silván, G.; Illera, M.J.; Illera, J.C. Long-Term Exposure to Isoflavones Alters the Hormonal Steroid Homeostasis-Impairing Reproductive Function in Adult Male Wistar Rats. Nutrients 2023, 15, 1261. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15051261

AMA Style

Caceres S, Crespo B, Alonso-Diez A, de Andrés PJ, Millan P, Silván G, Illera MJ, Illera JC. Long-Term Exposure to Isoflavones Alters the Hormonal Steroid Homeostasis-Impairing Reproductive Function in Adult Male Wistar Rats. Nutrients. 2023; 15(5):1261. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15051261

Chicago/Turabian Style

Caceres, Sara, Belén Crespo, Angela Alonso-Diez, Paloma Jimena de Andrés, Pilar Millan, Gema Silván, María José Illera, and Juan Carlos Illera. 2023. "Long-Term Exposure to Isoflavones Alters the Hormonal Steroid Homeostasis-Impairing Reproductive Function in Adult Male Wistar Rats" Nutrients 15, no. 5: 1261. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15051261

APA Style

Caceres, S., Crespo, B., Alonso-Diez, A., de Andrés, P. J., Millan, P., Silván, G., Illera, M. J., & Illera, J. C. (2023). Long-Term Exposure to Isoflavones Alters the Hormonal Steroid Homeostasis-Impairing Reproductive Function in Adult Male Wistar Rats. Nutrients, 15(5), 1261. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15051261

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