Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet, Sodium and Potassium Intake in People at a High Risk of Dementia

Rodrigues, Joana; Costa, Mariana; Sousa, Daniela de; Costa, Ana Rute; Lunet, Nuno; Cruz, Vítor Tedim; Padrão, Patrícia

doi:10.3390/nu16101419

Open AccessArticle

Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet, Sodium and Potassium Intake in People at a High Risk of Dementia

by

Joana Rodrigues

^1,†,

Mariana Costa

^1,†,

Daniela de Sousa

^2,3,4

,

Ana Rute Costa

^2,3,4,

Nuno Lunet

^2,3,4,

Vítor Tedim Cruz

^2,3,5 and

Patrícia Padrão

^1,2,3,*

¹

Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação, Universidade do Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal

²

EPIUnit—Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal

³

Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), 4050-600 Porto, Portugal

⁴

Departamento de Saúde Pública e Ciências Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal

⁵

Serviço de Neurologia, Unidade Local de Saúde de Matosinhos, 4464-513 Senhora da Hora, Portugal

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

^†

These authors contributed equally to this work.

Nutrients 2024, 16(10), 1419; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16101419

Submission received: 25 March 2024 / Revised: 5 May 2024 / Accepted: 7 May 2024 / Published: 8 May 2024

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Reducing Dietary Sodium and Improving Human Health 2.0)

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Abstract

Adequate sodium and potassium intake, along with adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), are key factors for preventing hypertension and cerebrovascular diseases. However, data on the consumption of these nutrients within the MedDiet are scarce. This cross-sectional study aims to assess the association between MedDiet adherence and sodium/potassium intake in the MIND-Matosinhos randomized controlled trial, targeting Portuguese adults at a high risk of dementia. Good adherence to the MedDiet was defined using the Portuguese Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener questionnaire (≥10 points), and both sodium/potassium intakes were estimated from 24-hour urine collections. The association between MedDiet adherence and these nutrients’ intake (dichotomized by the median) was quantified by calculating odds ratios (OR) and respective 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) using a logistic regression. A total of 169 individuals (60.9% female; median age: 70 years; range: 36–85 years) were included. Good adherence to the MedDiet was observed among 18.3% of the sample. After adjusting for sex, age, education and using antihypertensive drugs, good MedDiet adherence was associated with higher sodium (OR = 3.11; 95% CI: 1.27–7.65) and potassium intake (OR = 9.74; 95% CI: 3.14–30.26). Increased adherence to the MedDiet may contribute to a higher potassium intake but seems to have limited effects on the adequacy of sodium levels.

Keywords: Mediterranean diet; salt; sodium; potassium; dementia

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MDPI and ACS Style

Rodrigues, J.; Costa, M.; Sousa, D.d.; Costa, A.R.; Lunet, N.; Cruz, V.T.; Padrão, P. Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet, Sodium and Potassium Intake in People at a High Risk of Dementia. Nutrients 2024, 16, 1419. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16101419

AMA Style

Rodrigues J, Costa M, Sousa Dd, Costa AR, Lunet N, Cruz VT, Padrão P. Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet, Sodium and Potassium Intake in People at a High Risk of Dementia. Nutrients. 2024; 16(10):1419. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16101419

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rodrigues, Joana, Mariana Costa, Daniela de Sousa, Ana Rute Costa, Nuno Lunet, Vítor Tedim Cruz, and Patrícia Padrão. 2024. "Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet, Sodium and Potassium Intake in People at a High Risk of Dementia" Nutrients 16, no. 10: 1419. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16101419

APA Style

Rodrigues, J., Costa, M., Sousa, D. d., Costa, A. R., Lunet, N., Cruz, V. T., & Padrão, P. (2024). Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet, Sodium and Potassium Intake in People at a High Risk of Dementia. Nutrients, 16(10), 1419. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16101419

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

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Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet, Sodium and Potassium Intake in People at a High Risk of Dementia

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