Nutritional Assessment in Outpatients with Heart Failure
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Nutritional Screening and Assessment
2.3. Body Composition Assessment
2.4. Assessment of Sarcopenia and Functionality
2.5. Other Clinical Parameters
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Patient Characteristics and Nutritional Assessment
3.2. Sarcopenia and Functional Assessment
3.3. Evaluation of Body Composition
4. Discussion
5. Limitations
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Cardiovascular Risk Factor | All Patients (n = 121) | Males (n = 79) | Females (n = 42) |
---|---|---|---|
HT | 79 (65.3%) | 49 (62%) | 30 (71.4%) |
LD | 73 (60.3%) | 50 (63.3%) | 23 (54.8%) |
DM type 2 | 44 (36.4%) | 30 (38%) | 14 (33.3%) |
Obesity | 40 (33.1%) | 24 (30.4%) | 16 (38.1%) |
BMI (kg/m2) | All Patients (n = 121) | Males (n = 79) | Females (n = 42) |
---|---|---|---|
Total | 28.3 ± 5.4 | 27.7 ± 5 | 28.2 ± 6.2 |
Overweight | 27.4 ± 1.6 | 26.9 ± 1.5 | 27.7 ± 7.6 |
Obesity | 34.6 ± 3.4 | 33.8 ± 3.3 | 34.3 ± 4 |
GLIM Criteria | All Patients (n = 121) | Males (n = 79) | Females (n = 42) |
---|---|---|---|
No malnutrition | 53 (43.8%) | 36 (45.5%) | 17 (40.4%) |
Malnutrition | 68 (56.2%) | 43 (54.4%) | 25 (59.5%) |
Moderate malnutrition | 55 (87.3%) | 37 (86%) | 18 (72%) |
Severe malnutrition | 13 (20.6%) | 6 (14%) | 7 (28%) |
Screening Test | GLIM Criteria | p-Value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
No Malnutrition | Malnutrition | Severe Malnutrition | |||
MNA | No malnutrition | 25 (75.7%) | 19 (65.5%) | 0 (0%) | <0.001 |
Moderate risk of malnutrition | 7 (21.2%) | 10 (34.4%) | 4 (50%) | ||
High risk of malnutrition | 1 (3%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (50%) | ||
MUST | No malnutrition | 47 (88.7%) | 44 (80%) | 1 (7.6%) | <0.001 |
Moderate risk of malnutrition | 8 (14.5%) | 8 (14.5%) | 6 (46.1%) | ||
High risk of malnutrition | 0 (0%) | 3 (5.4%) | 6 (46.1%) | ||
SGA | No malnutrition | 43 (81.1%) | 39 (70.9%) | 1 (7.6%) | <0.001 |
Moderate risk of malnutrition | 10 (18.8%) | 14 (25.4%) | 5 (38.4%) | ||
High risk of malnutrition | 0 (0%) | 2 (3.6%) | 7 (53.8%) |
NYHA I–II (n = 92) | NYHA III–IV (n = 29) | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Glim criteria | 0.246 | ||
No malnutrition (n = 53) | 43 (81.1%) | 10 (18.8%) | |
Malnutrition (n = 68) | 49 (72%) | 19 (27.9%) | |
SARC-F | <0.001 | ||
Low risk of sarcopenia (n= 91) | 78 (85.7%) | 13 (14.3%) | |
High risk of sarcopenia (n = 30) | 14 (46.6%) | 16 (53.4%) |
BIVA Parameter | Mean ± SD | Minimum | Maximum |
---|---|---|---|
Total body water (L) | 42 ± 9 | 25.6 | 64.4 |
Extracellular water (L) | 19.6 ± 3.9 | 10 | 31.6 |
Intracellular water (L) | 23.2 ± 4.6 | 9.6 | 36.1 |
Extracellular water ratio | 0.4 ± 0 | 0.3 | 0.6 |
Resistance (Ohm) | 535.2 ± 88.2 | 366.3 | 871.1 |
Reactance (Ohm) | 49.2 ± 11 | 28 | 75.3 |
Phase angle (PA) (°) | 5.1 ± 1 | 3.2 | 7.2 |
Lean mass (kg) | 49.4 ± 14.6 | 23.3 | 80.9 |
Fat-free mass index (kg/m2) | 19.2 ± 2.5 | 11.9 | 27.3 |
Musculoskeletal mass index (kg/m2) | 8.8 ± 1.2 | 5.8 | 12.5 |
Fat mass (kg) | 24.2 ± 9.2 | 6.1 | 51.6 |
Fat mass (%) | 28.9 ± 7.9 | 9.5 | 47 |
Cell mass (BCM) (kg) | 31.6 ± 7 | 12.6 | 51.8 |
ASMI (kg) | 22.6 ± 3.5 | 12.5 | 32.4 |
Hydration (%) | 73.7 ± 1.9 | 69.1 | 83.4 |
BIVA Parameter | Mean ± DS | Minimum | Maximum |
---|---|---|---|
Total body water (L) | 30.7 ± 4,4 | 22.9 | 42.3 |
Extracellular water (L) | 14.7 ± 3.2 | 8.9 | 26.7 |
Intracellular water (L) | 15.9 ± 3.2 | 10.3 | 25.2 |
Extracellular water ratio | 0.477 ± 0.07 | 0.376 | 0.631 |
Resistance a (Ohm) | 620.3 ± 98.6 | 362 | 788 |
Reactance (Ohm) | 52.6 ± 12.7 | 20.6 | 84.7 |
Phase angle (PA) (°) | 4.7 ± 0.8 | 2.9 | 6.4 |
Lean mass (kg) | 35.1 ± 9.5 | 16.5 | 48.2 |
Fat-free mass index (kg/m2) | 16.7 ± 2.9 | 8.1 | 21.4 |
Musculoskeletal mass index (kg/m2) | 6.7 ± 1.1 | 5 | 10.9 |
Fat mass (kg) | 26.2 ± 11.3 | 5.4 | 50.4 |
Fat mass (%) | 36.9 ± 10.3 | 13.2 | 51.1 |
Cell mass (BCM) (kg) | 21.8 ± 4.9 | 13.8 | 36.1 |
ASMI (kg) | 14.6 ± 2.4 | 10 | 20.6 |
Hydration (%) | 73.6 ± 2.8 | 66.6 | 89 |
Males | Females | |
---|---|---|
Measurement location (cm) | 10 ± 2.2 | 9 ± 2 |
Total adipose tissue (mm) | 15.5 (9.9–23.5) | 20.1 (13.1–27) |
Superficial adipose tissue (mm) | 6.7 (4.2–9.2) | 9 (5.2–14.7) |
Preperitoneal adipose tissue (mm) | 4.9 (3.4–7.9) | 5 (3.4–5.9) |
Males | Females | |
---|---|---|
Measurement location (cm) | 16.8 ± 1.3 | 16.3 ± 1.4 |
X axis (mm) | 32.1 (27.2–35.5) | 30.6 (24.7–33.9) |
Y axis (mm) | 9 (7–12.8) | 9 (7–11) |
Area (cm2) | 2.4 ± 1.5 | 1.9 ± 1.1 |
Adipose tissue (mm) | 5.5 (3.8–7.6) | 11.6 (8.1–17.4) |
Low Risk of Sarcopenia (SARC-F) | High Risk of Sarcopenia (SARC-F) | p-Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Contraction >15% | Yes (n = 38) | 33 (86.8%) | 5 (13.1%) | 0.045 |
No (n = 51) | 35 (68.6%) | 16 (31.3%) | ||
Contraction >20% | Yes (n = 33) | 29 (87.8%) | 4 (12.1%) | 0.050 |
No (n = 56) | 39 (69.6%) | 17 (30.3%) | ||
Contraction >30% | Yes (n = 21) | 20 (95.2%) | 1 (4.7%) | 0.020 |
No (n = 68) | 48 (70.5%) | 20 (29.4%) |
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López Guillén, R.; Argente Pla, M.; Micó García, A.; Dura de Miguel, Á.; Gascó Santana, E.; Martín Sanchis, S.; Merino Torres, J.F. Nutritional Assessment in Outpatients with Heart Failure. Nutrients 2024, 16, 2853. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16172853
López Guillén R, Argente Pla M, Micó García A, Dura de Miguel Á, Gascó Santana E, Martín Sanchis S, Merino Torres JF. Nutritional Assessment in Outpatients with Heart Failure. Nutrients. 2024; 16(17):2853. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16172853
Chicago/Turabian StyleLópez Guillén, Regina, María Argente Pla, Andrea Micó García, Ángela Dura de Miguel, Eva Gascó Santana, Silvia Martín Sanchis, and Juan Francisco Merino Torres. 2024. "Nutritional Assessment in Outpatients with Heart Failure" Nutrients 16, no. 17: 2853. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16172853