Oral Protein Supplements Might Improve Nutritional Status and Quality of Life in Elderly Patients after Standard Pancreatic Resection
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Research Subjects
2.2. Research Method
2.3. Methods of Data Collection and Evaluation
2.3.1. Evaluation of Nutritional Status
2.3.2. Evaluation of Intake
2.3.3. Evaluation of Quality of Life
2.3.4. Evaluation of Indicators Related to Sarcopenia
- Evaluation of Walking Speed
- Evaluation of Muscle Mass
2.4. Method of Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Evaluation of Nutritional Status (Figure 2)
3.2. Analysis and Comparison of Nutrient Intake (Table 2)
Variables (1) | Completed Protocol Group | High Compliance Segment | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Visit | PG (n = 18) | CG (n = 23) | p-Value (2) | PG (n = 7) | CG (n = 13) | p-Value (2) | |||||||||
Energy (kcal/day) | pre OP | 1549.3 | ± | 99.4 | 1678.2 | ± | 88.0 | 1481.4 | ± | 166.4 | 1811.7 | ± | 122.1 | ||
DC | 770.6 | ± | 99.4 | 879.2 | ± | 88.0 | 0.699 | 917.4 | ± | 166.4 | 1024.1 | ± | 122.1 | 0.276 | |
OPD | 1406.8 | ± | 99.4 | 1530.9 | ± | 88.0 | 0.819 | 1566.6 | ± | 166.4 | 1735.9 | ± | 122.1 | 0.705 | |
Carbohydrate (g/day) | pre OP | 206.2 | ± | 12.6 | 224.0 | ± | 11.1 | 190.0 | ± | 17.5 | 243.3 | ± | 12.8 | ||
DC | 90.9 | ± | 12.6 | 88.4 | ± | 11.1 | 0.319 | 99.2 | ± | 17.5 | 99.8 | ± | 12.8 | 0.077 | |
OPD | 209.6 | ± | 12.6 | 214.1 | ± | 11.1 | 0.514 | 225.4 | ± | 17.5 | 249.6 | ± | 12.8 | 0.322 | |
Protein (g/day) | pre OP | 72.9 | ± | 6.0 | 77.3 | ± | 5.3 | 70.7 | ± | 10.2 | 85.0 | ± | 7.5 | ||
DC | 34.1 | ± | 6.0 | 52.1 | ± | 5.3 | 0.090 | 45.1 | ± | 10.2 | 61.9 | ± | 7.5 | 0.629 | |
OPD | 56.7 | ± | 6.0 | 77.3 | ± | 5.3 | 0.049 | 67.6 | ± | 10.2 | 87.9 | ± | 7.5 | 0.475 | |
Fat (g/day) | pre OP | 48.9 | ± | 4.6 | 52.4 | ± | 4.1 | 49.1 | ± | 8.0 | 56.5 | ± | 5.8 | ||
DC | 29.3 | ± | 4.6 | 34.6 | ± | 4.1 | 0.968 | 37.0 | ± | 8.0 | 41.0 | ± | 5.8 | 0.658 | |
OPD | 37.3 | ± | 4.6 | 42.9 | ± | 4.1 | 0.973 | 43.9 | ± | 8.0 | 48.3 | ± | 5.8 | 0.548 |
3.3. Quality of Life (Table 3)
Variables (1) | Completed Protocol Group | High Compliance Segment | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Visit | PG (n = 18) | CG (n = 23) | p-Value (2) | PG (n = 7) | CG (n = 13) | p-Value (2) | |||||||||
QoL (score) | pre OP | 9.8 | ± | 0.6 | 9.4 | ± | 0.5 | 9.8 | ± | 1.0 | 9.6 | ± | 0.7 | ||
DC | 7.4 | ± | 0.6 | 8.7 | ± | 0.5 | 0.016 | 7.8 | ± | 0.9 | 9.1 | ± | 0.7 | 0.066 | |
OPD | 8.3 | ± | 0.5 | 9.1 | ± | 0.5 | 0.042 | 7.9 | ± | 0.9 | 10.0 | ± | 0.6 | 0.017 | |
10-m walking speed (s) | pre OP | 10.5 | ± | 0.6 | 9.7 | ± | 0.6 | 9.9 | ± | 1.0 | 9.5 | ± | 0.7 | ||
DC | 11.6 | ± | 0.6 | 10.4 | ± | 0.6 | 0.240 | 11.9 | ± | 1.0 | 10.2 | ± | 0.7 | 0.035 | |
1st OPD | 9.2 | ± | 0.6 | 9.4 | ± | 0.6 | 0.628 | 8.8 | ± | 1.0 | 9.7 | ± | 0.7 | 0.651 | |
Body Composition | |||||||||||||||
BCM (kg) | pre OP | 30.7 | ± | 1.4 | 32.5 | ± | 1.3 | 29.4 | ± | 2.3 | 33.6 | ± | 1.7 | ||
DC | 31.2 | ± | 1.4 | 32.4 | ± | 1.3 | 0.446 | 29.7 | ± | 2.3 | 33.4 | ± | 1.7 | 0.738 | |
1st OPD | 29.7 | ± | 1.4 | 31.5 | ± | 1.3 | 0.928 | 28.7 | ± | 2.3 | 33.1 | ± | 1.7 | 0.891 | |
PA (°) | pre OP | 5.5 | ± | 0.2 | 6.1 | ± | 0.2 | 5.6 | ± | 0.4 | 6.5 | ± | 0.3 | ||
DC | 5.3 | ± | 0.2 | 5.8 | ± | 0.2 | 0.747 | 5.3 | ± | 0.4 | 6.0 | ± | 0.3 | 0.667 | |
1st OPD | 4.7 | ± | 0.2 | 5.5 | ± | 0.2 | 0.365 | 4.8 | ± | 0.4 | 5.7 | ± | 0.3 | 0.999 | |
ASM (kg) | pre OP | 20.0 | ± | 1.2 | 21.3 | ± | 1.1 | 18.9 | ± | 1.9 | 22.0 | ± | 1.4 | ||
DC | 20.5 | ± | 1.2 | 21.3 | ± | 1.1 | 0.413 | 19.1 | ± | 1.9 | 22.0 | ± | 1.4 | 0.875 | |
1st OPD | 20.2 | ± | 1.2 | 21.5 | ± | 1.0 | 0.823 | 19.1 | ± | 1.9 | 22.7 | ± | 1.4 | 0.578 | |
SMI (kg/m2) | pre OP | 7.6 | ± | 0.3 | 8.0 | ± | 0.2 | 7.6 | ± | 0.5 | 8.1 | ± | 0.3 | ||
DC | 7.8 | ± | 0.3 | 8.0 | ± | 0.2 | 0.249 | 7.7 | ± | 0.5 | 8.1 | ± | 0.3 | 0.715 | |
1st OPD | 7.7 | ± | 0.3 | 8.1 | ± | 0.2 | 0.615 | 7.7 | ± | 0.5 | 8.4 | ± | 0.3 | 0.700 |
3.4. Evaluation of 10 m Walking Speed (Table 3)
3.5. Evaluation of Muscle Mass
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables (1) | Completed Protocol Group | High Compliance Segment | ||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All (n = 41) | Placebo (n = 18) | Protein Supplement (n = 23) | p-Value (2) | All (n = 20) | Placebo (n = 7) | Protein Supplement (n = 13) | p-Value (2) | |||||||||||||
Gender (male/female) | 21/20 | 11/7 | 10/13 | 0.767 | 7/13 | 4/3 | 9/4 | 1.000 | ||||||||||||
Age (yr) | 72.6 | ± | 0.8 | 73.2 | ± | 1.3 | 72.1 | ± | 1.0 | 0.496 | 73.7 | ± | 1.1 | 75.0 | ± | 1.7 | 73.0 | ± | 1.4 | 0.380 |
Ht (cm) | 161.4 | ± | 1.5 | 161.3 | ± | 1.8 | 161.5 | ± | 2.2 | 0.810 | 161.2 | ± | 2.2 | 157.4 | ± | 2.4 | 163.3 | ± | 3.1 | 0.218 |
Wt (kg) | 60.6 | ± | 1.6 | 59.7 | ± | 2.0 | 61.4 | ± | 2.3 | 0.987 | 61.8 | ± | 2.5 | 57.8 | ± | 2.8 | 63.9 | ± | 3.4 | 0.249 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 23.2 | ± | 0.4 | 23.0 | ± | 0.7 | 23.4 | ± | 0.5 | 0.923 | 23.6 | ± | 0.6 | 23.3 | ± | 1.1 | 23.8 | ± | 0.8 | 0.732 |
Diagnosis | 0.437 | 1.000 | ||||||||||||||||||
Pancreatic cancer | 18 | 10 | 8 | 8 | 4 | 4 | ||||||||||||||
Cholangiocacinoma | 14 | 6 | 8 | 7 | 3 | 4 | ||||||||||||||
Others | 9 | 2 | 7 | 5 | 0 | 5 | ||||||||||||||
Operation (PPPD/DP) | 31/10 | 14/4 | 17/6 | 0.703 | 14/6 | 5/2 | 9/4 | 1.000 | ||||||||||||
PG-SGA | ||||||||||||||||||||
Grade A/B/C | 28/13/0 | 12/6/0 | 16/7/0 | 0.843 | 14/6/0 | 5/2/0 | 9/4/0 | 1.000 | ||||||||||||
Score | 5.3 | ± | 0.5 | 5.1 | ± | 0.7 | 5.6 | ± | 0.7 | 0.971 | 4.8 | ± | 0.7 | 4.7 | ± | 1.0 | 4.8 | ± | 0.9 | 0.930 |
Variable | PA | SMI | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DC | OPD | DC | OPD | |||
Total Oral Protein | DC | |R| (1) | 0.29 | 0.47 | −0.02 | 0.43 |
p-Value | 0.060 | 0.002 | 0.877 | 0.005 | ||
OPD | |R| | 0.27 | 0.55 | 0.09 | 0.37 | |
p-Value | 0.082 | 0.000 | 0.561 | 0.019 |
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Lee, N.R.; Hwang, H.K.; Lee, H.; Kang, C.M. Oral Protein Supplements Might Improve Nutritional Status and Quality of Life in Elderly Patients after Standard Pancreatic Resection. Nutrients 2024, 16, 2988. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16172988
Lee NR, Hwang HK, Lee H, Kang CM. Oral Protein Supplements Might Improve Nutritional Status and Quality of Life in Elderly Patients after Standard Pancreatic Resection. Nutrients. 2024; 16(17):2988. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16172988
Chicago/Turabian StyleLee, Na Rae, Ho Kyoung Hwang, Hosun Lee, and Chang Moo Kang. 2024. "Oral Protein Supplements Might Improve Nutritional Status and Quality of Life in Elderly Patients after Standard Pancreatic Resection" Nutrients 16, no. 17: 2988. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16172988