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Nutrients
Volume 16
Issue 19
10.3390/nu16193356
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Vitamin D Supplementation Does Not Enhance Gains in Muscle Strength and Lean Body Mass or Influence Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Vitamin D-Insufficient Middle-Aged Men Engaged in Resistance Training

by
Lauri Savolainen
1,
Saima Timpmann
1,
Martin Mooses
1,
Evelin Mäestu
1,
Luule Medijainen
1,
Märt Lellsaar
1,
Kristi Tiimann
2,
Anneli Piir
3,
Mihkel Zilmer
3,
Eve Unt
4,5,6 and
Vahur Ööpik
1,*
1
Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, University of Tartu, 18 Ülikooli St., 50090 Tartu, Estonia
2
Dermatology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, 31 Raja St., 50417 Tartu, Estonia
3
Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 50090 Tartu, Estonia
4
Department of Cardiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, 50090 Tartu, Estonia
5
Department of Sport Medicine and Rehabilitation, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, 50090 Tartu, Estonia
6
Sport Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, 1a Puusepa St., 50406 Tartu, Estonia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nutrients 2024, 16(19), 3356; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16193356
Submission received: 22 August 2024 / Revised: 20 September 2024 / Accepted: 30 September 2024 / Published: 2 October 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vitamins and Human Health: 2nd Edition)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Background: This study checked whether vitamin D (Vit-D) supplementation improves the efficacy of resistance training (RT) in terms of increasing muscle strength and lean body mass (LBM), and influencing cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max) in Vit-D-deficient middle-aged healthy men. Methods: Participants (n = 28) were quasi-randomly assigned to one of two groups, which, in a double-blind manner, supplemented their diet daily with either Vit-D (8000 IU; VD) or placebo (PLC) during participation in a 12-week supervised RT program. Results: During the intervention, serum Vit-D concentrations increased 2.6-fold (p < 0.001) in the VD group, while no changes occurred in the PLC group. Muscle strength gains (p < 0.001) as measured in seven exercises performed on RT equipment and increases (p < 0.001) in LBM were similar in the two groups. Total fat mass, percent total fat, and percent android fat decreased (p < 0.05) to a similar extent in both groups, but there was no change in VO2max in either group. Conclusions: In conclusion, in healthy Vit-D-insufficient middle-aged men engaged in resistance training, Vit-D supplementation increases serum 25(OH)D levels but does not enhance gains in muscle strength and LBM, or decreases in fat mass and fat percentage, and does not affect cardiorespiratory fitness.
Keywords: testosterone; cortisol; growth hormone; parathormone; insulin; HOMA-IR; inflammatory status testosterone; cortisol; growth hormone; parathormone; insulin; HOMA-IR; inflammatory status

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MDPI and ACS Style

Savolainen, L.; Timpmann, S.; Mooses, M.; Mäestu, E.; Medijainen, L.; Lellsaar, M.; Tiimann, K.; Piir, A.; Zilmer, M.; Unt, E.; et al. Vitamin D Supplementation Does Not Enhance Gains in Muscle Strength and Lean Body Mass or Influence Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Vitamin D-Insufficient Middle-Aged Men Engaged in Resistance Training. Nutrients 2024, 16, 3356. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16193356

AMA Style

Savolainen L, Timpmann S, Mooses M, Mäestu E, Medijainen L, Lellsaar M, Tiimann K, Piir A, Zilmer M, Unt E, et al. Vitamin D Supplementation Does Not Enhance Gains in Muscle Strength and Lean Body Mass or Influence Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Vitamin D-Insufficient Middle-Aged Men Engaged in Resistance Training. Nutrients. 2024; 16(19):3356. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16193356

Chicago/Turabian Style

Savolainen, Lauri, Saima Timpmann, Martin Mooses, Evelin Mäestu, Luule Medijainen, Märt Lellsaar, Kristi Tiimann, Anneli Piir, Mihkel Zilmer, Eve Unt, and et al. 2024. "Vitamin D Supplementation Does Not Enhance Gains in Muscle Strength and Lean Body Mass or Influence Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Vitamin D-Insufficient Middle-Aged Men Engaged in Resistance Training" Nutrients 16, no. 19: 3356. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16193356

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