Investigating Nutrition and Hydration Knowledge and Practice among a Cohort of Age-Grade Rugby Union Players
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Ethics
2.3. Data Collection Protocol
2.4. Anthropometry
2.5. Knowledge Questionnaires
2.6. Dietary Data Collection
2.7. Dietary Data Analysis
Misreported Dietary Records
2.8. Hydration Status
2.9. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Participant Demographics
3.2. Outcome Measures
3.2.1. Nutrition for Sports Knowledge Questionnaire Results
3.2.2. Hydration Assessment Questionnaire Results
3.2.3. Energy, Macronutrient, and Fluid Intake
3.2.4. Urine Specific Gravity Scores
3.2.5. Associations between Knowledge and Practice
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristic | Total Cohort (n = 28) | Under-Reporters (n = 2) | Eligible Reporters (n = 8) |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 17 $ (16, 17) | 17 | 17 (16, 17) |
Weight (kg) | 89.8 ± 11.5 | 97.0 ± 0.5 | 89.6 ± 12.5 |
Height (cm) | 182.1 ± 7.0 | 188.5 ± 4.5 | 182.0 ± 9.4 |
RMR (kcal·day−1) | 2187 ± 175 ∞ | 2320 ± 43 | 2183 ± 210 |
EER (kcal·day−1) | 4155 ± 332 * | 4408 ± 82 | 4148 ± 399 |
EIrep (kcal·day−1) | 3181 ± 880 £ | 2080 ± 405 | 3456 ± 740 |
EIrep to RMR ratio | 1.45 ± 0.4 € | 0.89 ± 0.16 | 1.59 ± 0.32 |
NSKQ Scores (%) | p-Value * | HAQ Scores (%) | p-Value * | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Overall | 49.6 ± 8.2 | 0.818 a | Overall | 79.0 (77.3, 83.6) | 0.007 b |
By subsection | By subsection | ||||
Weight Management | 53.6 ± 11.9 | 0.130 a | Knowledge | 88.2 (76.5, 92.6) | <0.001 b |
Macronutrients | 55.0 ± 12.2 | 0.043 a | Attitude | 78.8 (75.3, 83.2) | 0.008 b |
Micronutrients | 44.6 ± 18.8 | 0.050 a | Behaviour | 76.5 (70.6, 82.4) | 0.360 b |
Sports Nutrition | 46.7 ± 12.1 | 0.170 a | |||
Supplementation | 36.3 ± 12.8 | <0.001 a | |||
Alcohol | 59.4 ± 16.2 | 0.006 a |
Nutrient | Reported Intake (Mean ± SD) | EFSA DRV/SNR Recommended Target/Range | Athletes Meeting DRV or SNR Target/Range n (%) ¥ | p-Value * |
---|---|---|---|---|
Energy | ||||
kcal·day−1 | 3456 ± 740 | 4148 ± 399 d | 1 (12.5) | 0.043 |
Carbohydrate | ||||
g·day−1 | 384.6 ± 78.6 | N/A | N/A | |
g·kg−1·day−1 | 4.4 ± 1.2 | 5–7 a | 0 (0) | 0.218 |
% EI | 45.0 ± 7.2 | > 50 b | 3 (37.5) | 0.107 |
Protein | ||||
g·day−1 | 194.8 ± 46.2 | N/A | N/A | |
g·kg−1·day−1 | 2.2 ± 0.5 | 1.3–1.8 a | 2 (25) | 0.064 |
% EI | 23.1 ± 4.2 | 15–20 b | 1 (12.5) | 0.093 |
Fat | ||||
g·day−1 | 125.5 ± 50.9 | N/A | N/A | |
g·kg−1·day−1 | 1.4 ± 0.5 | N/A | N/A | |
% EI | 32.0 ± 7.9 | 20–35 ac | 5 (62.5) | 0.345 |
Fluid | ||||
ml·day−1 | 3360 ± 1142 | 2500 c | 6 (75) | 0.087 |
ml·kg−1·day−1 | 39 ± 17 | N/A | N/A |
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Scanlon, S.; Norton, C. Investigating Nutrition and Hydration Knowledge and Practice among a Cohort of Age-Grade Rugby Union Players. Nutrients 2024, 16, 533. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16040533
Scanlon S, Norton C. Investigating Nutrition and Hydration Knowledge and Practice among a Cohort of Age-Grade Rugby Union Players. Nutrients. 2024; 16(4):533. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16040533
Chicago/Turabian StyleScanlon, Shane, and Catherine Norton. 2024. "Investigating Nutrition and Hydration Knowledge and Practice among a Cohort of Age-Grade Rugby Union Players" Nutrients 16, no. 4: 533. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16040533