1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 Attenuates TGF-β-Induced Pro-Fibrotic Effects in Human Lung Epithelial Cells through Inhibition of Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Cell Culture and Treatment
2.2. Western Blot
2.3. Immunofluorescence Staining
2.4. Scratch Wound Healing Assay
2.5. Invasion Assay
2.6. RNA Isolation and Real-Time Reverse Transcription Quantitative PCR
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. TGF-β Induces Morphological Alteration in A549 Cells
3.2. TGF-β Induces the Alteration of EMT Markers in A549 Cells
3.3. 1α,25(OH)2D3 Opposes the Expression of EMT Markers and Extracellular Matrix Components Induced by TGF-β
3.4. 1α,25(OH)2D3 Represses EMT-Related Transcription Factors by TGF-β and Increases VDR Expression
3.5. 1α,25(OH)2D3 Prevents TGF-β-Induced Invasion and Metastasis in A549 Cells
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Gene Name | Forward Sequence (5′-3′) | Reverse Sequence (5′-3′) |
---|---|---|
Collagen I | ACGTCCTGGTGAAGTTGGTC | ACCAGGGAAGCCTCTCTCTC |
Fibronectin | GAGCTATTCCCTGCACCTGA | CGTGCAAGGCAACCACACT |
GAPDH | CGTGCAAGGCAACCACACT | TGGCAGGTTTTTCTAGACGG |
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Jiang, F.; Yang, Y.; Xue, L.; Li, B.; Zhang, Z. 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 Attenuates TGF-β-Induced Pro-Fibrotic Effects in Human Lung Epithelial Cells through Inhibition of Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition. Nutrients 2017, 9, 980. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9090980
Jiang F, Yang Y, Xue L, Li B, Zhang Z. 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 Attenuates TGF-β-Induced Pro-Fibrotic Effects in Human Lung Epithelial Cells through Inhibition of Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition. Nutrients. 2017; 9(9):980. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9090980
Chicago/Turabian StyleJiang, Fei, Yong Yang, Lian Xue, Bingyan Li, and Zengli Zhang. 2017. "1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 Attenuates TGF-β-Induced Pro-Fibrotic Effects in Human Lung Epithelial Cells through Inhibition of Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition" Nutrients 9, no. 9: 980. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9090980