Next Article in Journal
In-Vitro Neutralization of the Neurotoxicity of Coastal Taipan Venom by Australian Polyvalent Antivenom: The Window of Opportunity
Next Article in Special Issue
Tetrodotoxin and Its Analogues in Cephalothrix cf. simula (Nemertea: Palaeonemertea) from the Sea of Japan (Peter the Great Gulf): Intrabody Distribution and Secretions
Previous Article in Journal
Large-Scale Green Liver System for Sustainable Purification of Aquacultural Wastewater: Construction and Case Study in a Semiarid Area of Brazil (Itacuruba, Pernambuco) Using the Naturally Occurring Cyanotoxin Microcystin as Efficiency Indicator
Previous Article in Special Issue
In Silico Modeling of Spirolides and Gymnodimines: Determination of S Configuration at Butenolide Ring Carbon C-4
 
 
Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
Journals
Toxins
Volume 12
Issue 11
10.3390/toxins12110689
toxins-logo
Submit to this Journal Review for this Journal Propose a Special Issue
► Article Menu

Article Menu

share Share announcement Help format_quote Cite question_answer Discuss in SciProfiles
first_page
settings
Order Article Reprints
Font Type:
Arial Georgia Verdana
Font Size:
Aa Aa Aa
Line Spacing:
Column Width:
Background:
Article

Phylogeny and Toxin Profile of Freshwater Pufferfish (Genus Pao) Collected from 2 Different Regions in Cambodia

by
Hongchen Zhu
1,
Akinori Yamada
1,
Yui Goto
2,
Linan Horn
3,
Laymithuna Ngy
3,
Minoru Wada
1,
Hiroyuki Doi
4,
Jong Soo Lee
5,
Tomohiro Takatani
1 and
Osamu Arakawa
1,*
1
Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14, Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
2
Faculty of Fisheries, Nagasaki University. 1-14, Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
3
University of Kratie, Orussey District, Kratie Province, Cambodia
4
Nifrel, Osaka Aquarium Kaiyukan. 2-1, Senribanpakukoen, Suita, Osaka 565-0826, Japan
5
College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, 2, Tongyeonghaean-ro, Tongyeong, Kyungnam 53064, Korea
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Toxins 2020, 12(11), 689; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins12110689
Submission received: 15 October 2020 / Revised: 27 October 2020 / Accepted: 28 October 2020 / Published: 30 October 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Isolation and Characterization of Marine Toxins)
Browse Figures
Review Reports Versions Notes

Abstract

The species classification of Cambodian freshwater pufferfish is incomplete and confusing, and scientific information on their toxicity and toxin profile is limited. In the present study, to accumulate information on the phylogeny and toxin profile of freshwater pufferfish, and to contribute to food safety in Cambodia, we conducted simultaneous genetic-based phylogenetic and toxin analyses using freshwater pufferfish individuals collected from Phnom Penh and Kratie (designated PNH and KTI, respectively). Phylogenetic analysis of partial sequences of three mitochondrial genes (cytochrome b, 16S rRNA, and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) determined for each fish revealed that PNH and KTI are different species in the genus Pao (designated Pao sp. A and Pao sp. B, respectively). A partial sequence of the nuclear tributyltin-binding protein type 2 (TBT-bp2) gene differentiated the species at the amino acid level. Instrumental analysis of the toxin profile revealed that both Pao sp. A and Pao sp. B possess saxitoxins (STXs), comprising STX as the main component. In Pao sp. A, the toxin concentration in each tissue was extremely high, far exceeding the regulatory limit for STXs set by the Codex Committee, whereas in Pao sp. B, only the skin contained high toxin concentrations. The difference in the STX accumulation ability between the two species with different TBT-bp2 sequences suggests that TBT-bp2 is involved in STX accumulation in freshwater pufferfish.
Keywords: Cambodia; pufferfish; Pao; phylogenetic analysis; tributyltin-binding protein type 2 (TBT-bp2); saxitoxin (STX) Cambodia; pufferfish; Pao; phylogenetic analysis; tributyltin-binding protein type 2 (TBT-bp2); saxitoxin (STX)

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Zhu, H.; Yamada, A.; Goto, Y.; Horn, L.; Ngy, L.; Wada, M.; Doi, H.; Lee, J.S.; Takatani, T.; Arakawa, O. Phylogeny and Toxin Profile of Freshwater Pufferfish (Genus Pao) Collected from 2 Different Regions in Cambodia. Toxins 2020, 12, 689. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins12110689

AMA Style

Zhu H, Yamada A, Goto Y, Horn L, Ngy L, Wada M, Doi H, Lee JS, Takatani T, Arakawa O. Phylogeny and Toxin Profile of Freshwater Pufferfish (Genus Pao) Collected from 2 Different Regions in Cambodia. Toxins. 2020; 12(11):689. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins12110689

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhu, Hongchen, Akinori Yamada, Yui Goto, Linan Horn, Laymithuna Ngy, Minoru Wada, Hiroyuki Doi, Jong Soo Lee, Tomohiro Takatani, and Osamu Arakawa. 2020. "Phylogeny and Toxin Profile of Freshwater Pufferfish (Genus Pao) Collected from 2 Different Regions in Cambodia" Toxins 12, no. 11: 689. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins12110689

APA Style

Zhu, H., Yamada, A., Goto, Y., Horn, L., Ngy, L., Wada, M., Doi, H., Lee, J. S., Takatani, T., & Arakawa, O. (2020). Phylogeny and Toxin Profile of Freshwater Pufferfish (Genus Pao) Collected from 2 Different Regions in Cambodia. Toxins, 12(11), 689. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins12110689

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

Article Metrics

Back to TopTop