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Toxins, Volume 4, Issue 10

2012 October - 12 articles

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Articles (12)

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
7,597 Views
15 Pages

22 October 2012

Calyculin A (Caly A) is cell permeable toxin widely used in cell biology research as an inhibitor of type 1 and type 2A protein Ser/Thr phosphatases of the PPP family. Here we tested effects of low concentrations of Caly A on proliferation of human c...

  • Review
  • Open Access
9 Citations
11,014 Views
22 Pages

Anthrax Lethal Toxin and the Induction of CD4 T Cell Immunity

  • Stephanie Ascough,
  • Rebecca J. Ingram and
  • Daniel M. Altmann

19 October 2012

Bacillus anthracis secretes exotoxins which act through several mechanisms including those that can subvert adaptive immunity with respect both to antigen presenting cell and T cell function. The combination of Protective Antigen (PA) and Lethal Fact...

  • Article
  • Open Access
78 Citations
10,899 Views
13 Pages

Within-Mat Variability in Anatoxin-a and Homoanatoxin-a Production among Benthic Phormidium (Cyanobacteria) Strains

  • Susanna A. Wood,
  • Francine M. J. Smith,
  • Mark W. Heath,
  • Thomas Palfroy,
  • Sally Gaw,
  • Roger G. Young and
  • Ken G. Ryan

19 October 2012

Benthic Phormidium mats can contain high concentrations of the neurotoxins anatoxin-a and homoanatoxin-a. However, little is known about the co-occurrence of anatoxin-producing and non-anatoxin-producing strains within mats. There is also no data on...

  • Review
  • Open Access
148 Citations
17,352 Views
27 Pages

19 October 2012

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) cause flaccid paralysis by interfering with vesicle fusion and neurotransmitter release in the neuronal cells. BoNTs are the most widely used therapeutic proteins. BoNT/A was approved by the U.S. FDA to treat strabismus,...

  • Article
  • Open Access
28 Citations
12,009 Views
26 Pages

18 October 2012

To delay resistance development to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) plants expressing their own insecticide, the application of the Insect Resistance Management strategy called “High Dose/Refuge Strategy” (HD/R) is recommended by the US Environmental Prot...

  • Article
  • Open Access
74 Citations
9,802 Views
13 Pages

Estimation of Multi-Mycotoxin Contamination in South African Compound Feeds

  • Patrick B. Njobeh,
  • Mike F. Dutton,
  • Annica Tevell Åberg and
  • Per Haggblom

18 October 2012

A total of 92 commercial compound feeds from South Africa were investigated for various mycotoxins. The data reveal the highest incidence of feed contamination for fumonisins (FB) (range: 104–2999 µg/kg) followed by deoxynivalenol (DON) (range: 124–2...

  • Article
  • Open Access
21 Citations
7,678 Views
13 Pages

18 October 2012

The aim of this work was to evaluate the contributions of the main chromophores to the total UV absorbance of the spent dialysate and to assess removal dynamics of these solutes during optical on-line dialysis dose monitoring. High performance chroma...

  • Article
  • Open Access
36 Citations
7,892 Views
16 Pages

Vixapatin (VP12), a C-Type Lectin-Protein from Vipera xantina palestinae Venom: Characterization as a Novel Anti-angiogenic Compound

  • Tatjana Momic,
  • Gadi Cohen,
  • Reuven Reich,
  • Franziska T. Arlinghaus,
  • Johannes A. Eble,
  • Cezary Marcinkiewicz and
  • Philip Lazarovici

18 October 2012

A C-type lectin-like protein (CTL), originally identified as VP12 and lately named Vixapatin, was isolated and characterized from Israeli viper Vipera xantina palestinae snake venom. This CTL was characterized as a selective α2β1 integrin inhibitor w...

  • Review
  • Open Access
562 Citations
26,293 Views
22 Pages

Current Situation of Mycotoxin Contamination and Co-occurrence in Animal Feed—Focus on Europe

  • Elisabeth Streit,
  • Gerd Schatzmayr,
  • Panagiotis Tassis,
  • Eleni Tzika,
  • Daniela Marin,
  • Ionelia Taranu,
  • Cristina Tabuc,
  • Anca Nicolau,
  • Iuliana Aprodu and
  • Isabelle P. Oswald
  • + 1 author

1 October 2012

Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungi especially those belonging to the genus Aspergillus, Penicillum and Fusarium. Mycotoxin contamination can occur in all agricultural commodities in the field and/or during storage, if conditions a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
38 Citations
8,967 Views
10 Pages

Occurrence and Distribution of 13 Trichothecene Toxins in Naturally Contaminated Maize Plants in Germany

  • Margit Schollenberger,
  • Hans-Martin Müller,
  • Katrin Ernst,
  • Sarah Sondermann,
  • Melanie Liebscher,
  • Claudia Schlecker,
  • Gerald Wischer,
  • Winfried Drochner,
  • Karin Hartung and
  • Hans-Peter Piepho

28 September 2012

The objective of the present study was to monitor the occurrence and distribution of a spectrum of trichothecene toxins in different parts of maize plants. Therefore maize plants were sampled randomly from 13 fields in southwest Germany and the fract...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
6,593 Views
10 Pages

26 September 2012

Adult T cell leukemia is a fatal malignant transformation caused by the human T-cell lymphoptropic virus type I (HTLV-I). HTLV-I is only associated with the development of this disease in a small percentage of infected individuals. Using two rabbit t...

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Toxins - ISSN 2072-6651