Fabrication of Medium Mn Advanced High-Strength Steel with Excellent Mechanical Properties by Friction Stir Processing
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Microstructure Characterization
2.3. Mechanical Properties Tests
3. Results
3.1. Microstructure of the FSPed Steel
3.2. Microstructure of the FSPed Steel after Deformation
3.3. Tensile Property
4. Discussion
4.1. The Formation Mechanism of the Gradient Structure during the Manufacturing Process
4.2. Strengthening Mechanism for the Fabricated Medium Mn Steel
5. Conclusions
- (1).
- FSP manufacturing technology can increase the tensile strength of medium Mn steel from 650.7 MPa to 1034.6 MPa while slightly reducing the total elongation from 38.3% to 35.1%. The product of tensile strength and elongation of the medium Mn steel increases significantly from 24.9 GPa∙% to 36.3 GPa∙%.
- (2).
- Decreasing trends of grain size and austenite fraction, as well as an increasing trend of the dislocation density, are obtained across the thickness direction from the base material zone to the transition zone and finally to the stirring zone, which results from the simultaneous effect of severe plastic deformation and recrystallization during friction stir processing.
- (3).
- Hetero-deformation-induced strengthening and dislocation strengthening are the main factors for the elevated mechanical properties of the fabricated steel. The transition zone has the obvious hetero-deformation-induced stress during the deformation process, and the determined flow stress contributed from the hetero-deformation-induced stress is about 701.9 MPa with a true strain of 0.28.
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Nomenclature
FSP | Friction stir processing. |
HDI | Hetero-deformation-induced. |
MMnS | Medium manganese steels. |
TWIP | Twinning-induced plasticity. |
A1 | Austenite starting temperature. |
A3 | Austenite finish temperature. |
SZ | Stirring zone. |
TZ | Transition zone. |
BM | Base material zone. |
FEA | Finite element analysis. |
CLSM | Confocal laser scanning microscope. |
FE-SEM | Field-emission scanning electron microscope. |
EBSD | Electron backscatter diffraction. |
TEM | Transmission electron microscope. |
EDS | Energy-dispersive spectroscopy. |
XRD | X-ray diffraction. |
IPF | Inverse pole figure. |
BC | Band contrast. |
KAM | Kernel average misorientation. |
GND | Geometrically necessary dislocation. |
YS | Yield strength. |
UTS | Ultimate tensile strength. |
TE | Total elongation. |
SMAT | Surface mechanical attrition treatment. |
USSR | Ultrasonic severe surface rolling. |
LUR | Loading–unloading–reloading. |
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Zone | BM | SZ |
---|---|---|
σ0 (MPa) | 78.1 | 78.1 |
σSS (MPa) | 145.2 | 205.1 |
σGB (MPa) | 56.7 | 82.4 |
σDIS (MPa) | 386.4 | 434.9 |
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Yang, Y.; Zuo, W.; Liu, Y.; Ge, Y.; Yang, Z.; Han, J.; Mi, Z. Fabrication of Medium Mn Advanced High-Strength Steel with Excellent Mechanical Properties by Friction Stir Processing. Micromachines 2024, 15, 1052. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15081052
Yang Y, Zuo W, Liu Y, Ge Y, Yang Z, Han J, Mi Z. Fabrication of Medium Mn Advanced High-Strength Steel with Excellent Mechanical Properties by Friction Stir Processing. Micromachines. 2024; 15(8):1052. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15081052
Chicago/Turabian StyleYang, Yonggang, Wangnan Zuo, Yu Liu, Yunzong Ge, Zhiqiang Yang, Jiansheng Han, and Zhenli Mi. 2024. "Fabrication of Medium Mn Advanced High-Strength Steel with Excellent Mechanical Properties by Friction Stir Processing" Micromachines 15, no. 8: 1052. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15081052