The Expression/Methylation Profile of Adipogenic and Inflammatory Transcription Factors in Adipose Tissue Are Linked to Obesity-Related Colorectal Cancer
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Characteristics of the Study Population
2.2. Expression and Methylation Profile of C/EBP-α and PPAR-γ in VAT in Obesity-Related CRC
2.3. Expression and Methylation Profile of PGC-1α and NF-κB in VAT in Obesity-Related CRC
2.4. Correlation and Regression Analyses Between Gene Expression, Methylation Status, and Biochemical and Anthropometric Data
2.5. Gene Expression and Methylation Status in VAT Are Predictors of CRC
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Study Design and Subjects
4.2. Biochemical Determination
4.3. Total RNA Extraction from VAT and Real-Time Quantitative PCR
4.4. Pyrosequencing Analysis
4.5. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Nonobese Control | Nonobese CRC | Overweight/Obese Control | Overweight/Obese CRC |
---|---|---|---|---|
N | 53 | 27 | 81 | 58 |
Male/female, sex (%) | 22/31 (41.5/48.5) | 19/8 (70.40/29.60) a | 36/45 (44.4/55.6) | 42/16 (72.40/27.60) b |
Age (years) | 47.94 ± 13.63 | 66.7 ± 12.98 a | 54.78 ± 14.43 | 68.22 ± 9.27 b |
Weight (kg) | 65.30 ± 9.58 | 65.43 ± 7.93 | 78.39 ± 12.34 | 78.19 ± 11.49 |
Waist (cm) | 83.04 ± 9.20 | 87.57 ± 11.27 | 99.86 ± 10.95 | 101.84 ± 12.72 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 22.97 ± 1.73 | 23.19 ± 1.61 | 30.02 ± 3.59 | 29.09 ± 3.34 |
Glucose (mg/dL) | 91.97 ± 14.14 | 133.35 ± 79.53 | 108.08 ± 28.13 | 119.36 ± 38.86 |
Insulin (µIU/mL) | 7.30 ± 5.47 | 9.01 ± 6.12 a | 10.5 ± 5.68 | 7.30 ± 0.95 b |
Hb1Ac (%) | 5.56 ± 0.52 | 5.78 ± 0.84 | 5.84 ± 1.23 | 5.93 ± 0.95 |
HOMA-IR | 2.11 ± 1.66 | 1.36 ± 1.28 | 1.98 ± 1.26 | 1.08 ± 1.26 |
Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 197.92 ± 29.94 | 178.54 ± 45.76 | 211.89 ± 39.89 | 170.43 ± 38.89 b |
Triglycerides(mg/dL) | 108.14 ± 72.45 | 142.69 ± 74.62 | 131.90 ± 54.35 | 170.00 ± 79.35 b |
HDL (mg/dL) | 54.84 ± 14.46 | 43.77 ± 14.04 a | 53.94 ± 12.77 | 40.34 ± 13.83 b |
LDL (mg/dL) | 122.39 ± 24.58 | 108.41 ± 35.68 | 132.54 ± 32.31 | 101.07 ± 32.31 b |
Alkaline phosphatase (U/L) | 62.06 ± 25.79 | 63.62 ± 24.69 | 71.70 ± 19.92 | 71.97 ± 29.63 |
Variables | β (SE) | p | CI (95%) |
---|---|---|---|
Age | 0.013 (0.002) | 0.000 | 0.007–0.018 |
Sex | −0.191 (0.080) | 0.047 | −0.350–(−0.032) |
BMI | 0.001 (0.005) | 0.856 | −0.009–0.012 |
C/EBP-α expression | 0.510 (0.260) | 0.054 | 0.008–1.028 |
NF-κB expression | 3.687 (0.641) | 0.000 | 2.410–4.963 |
NF-κB methylation | −0.087 (0.030) | 0.005 | −0.147–(−0.026) |
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Boughanem, H.; Cabrera-Mulero, A.; Hernández-Alonso, P.; Bandera-Merchán, B.; Tinahones, A.; Tinahones, F.J.; Morcillo, S.; Macias-Gonzalez, M. The Expression/Methylation Profile of Adipogenic and Inflammatory Transcription Factors in Adipose Tissue Are Linked to Obesity-Related Colorectal Cancer. Cancers 2019, 11, 1629. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers11111629
Boughanem H, Cabrera-Mulero A, Hernández-Alonso P, Bandera-Merchán B, Tinahones A, Tinahones FJ, Morcillo S, Macias-Gonzalez M. The Expression/Methylation Profile of Adipogenic and Inflammatory Transcription Factors in Adipose Tissue Are Linked to Obesity-Related Colorectal Cancer. Cancers. 2019; 11(11):1629. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers11111629
Chicago/Turabian StyleBoughanem, Hatim, Amanda Cabrera-Mulero, Pablo Hernández-Alonso, Borja Bandera-Merchán, Alberto Tinahones, Francisco José Tinahones, Sonsoles Morcillo, and Manuel Macias-Gonzalez. 2019. "The Expression/Methylation Profile of Adipogenic and Inflammatory Transcription Factors in Adipose Tissue Are Linked to Obesity-Related Colorectal Cancer" Cancers 11, no. 11: 1629. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers11111629