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Article

A Basic Study of Photodynamic Therapy with Glucose-Conjugated Chlorin e6 Using Mammary Carcinoma Xenografts

by
Tomohiro Osaki
1,*,
Shota Hibino
1,
Inoru Yokoe
1,
Hiroaki Yamaguchi
2,
Akihiro Nomoto
2,
Shigenobu Yano
3,
Yuji Mikata
3,
Mamoru Tanaka
4,
Hiromi Kataoka
4 and
Yoshiharu Okamoto
1
1
Joint Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
2
Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
3
KYOUSEI Science Center for Life and Nature, Nara Women’s University, Kitauoyahigashi-machi, Nara 630-8506, Japan
4
Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Cancers 2019, 11(5), 636; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers11050636
Submission received: 7 March 2019 / Revised: 2 May 2019 / Accepted: 6 May 2019 / Published: 8 May 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) in Oncology)
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Abstract

By using the Warburg effect—a phenomenon where tumors consume higher glucose levels than normal cells—on cancer cells to enhance the effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT), we developed a new photosensitizer, glucose-conjugated chlorin e6 (G-Ce6). We analyzed the efficacy of PDT with G-Ce6 against canine mammary carcinoma (CMC) in vitro and in vivo. The pharmacokinetics of G-Ce6 at 2, 5, and 20 mg/kg was examined in normal dogs, whereas its intracellular localization, concentration, and photodynamic effects were investigated in vitro using CMC cells (SNP cells). G-Ce6 (10 mg/kg) was administered in vivo at 5 min or 3 h before laser irradiation to SNP tumor-bearing murine models. The in vitro study revealed that G-Ce6 was mainly localized to the lysosomes. Cell viability decreased in a G-Ce6 concentration- and light intensity-dependent manner in the PDT group. Cell death induced by PDT with G-Ce6 was not inhibited by an apoptosis inhibitor. In the in vivo study, 5-min-interval PDT exhibited greater effects than 3-h-interval PDT. The mean maximum blood concentration and half-life of G-Ce6 (2 mg/kg) were 15.19 ± 4.44 μg/mL and 3.02 ± 0.58 h, respectively. Thus, 5-min-interval PDT with G-Ce6 was considered effective against CMC.
Keywords: photodynamic therapy; glucose-conjugated chlorin e6; canine mammary carcinoma photodynamic therapy; glucose-conjugated chlorin e6; canine mammary carcinoma

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MDPI and ACS Style

Osaki, T.; Hibino, S.; Yokoe, I.; Yamaguchi, H.; Nomoto, A.; Yano, S.; Mikata, Y.; Tanaka, M.; Kataoka, H.; Okamoto, Y. A Basic Study of Photodynamic Therapy with Glucose-Conjugated Chlorin e6 Using Mammary Carcinoma Xenografts. Cancers 2019, 11, 636. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers11050636

AMA Style

Osaki T, Hibino S, Yokoe I, Yamaguchi H, Nomoto A, Yano S, Mikata Y, Tanaka M, Kataoka H, Okamoto Y. A Basic Study of Photodynamic Therapy with Glucose-Conjugated Chlorin e6 Using Mammary Carcinoma Xenografts. Cancers. 2019; 11(5):636. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers11050636

Chicago/Turabian Style

Osaki, Tomohiro, Shota Hibino, Inoru Yokoe, Hiroaki Yamaguchi, Akihiro Nomoto, Shigenobu Yano, Yuji Mikata, Mamoru Tanaka, Hiromi Kataoka, and Yoshiharu Okamoto. 2019. "A Basic Study of Photodynamic Therapy with Glucose-Conjugated Chlorin e6 Using Mammary Carcinoma Xenografts" Cancers 11, no. 5: 636. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers11050636

APA Style

Osaki, T., Hibino, S., Yokoe, I., Yamaguchi, H., Nomoto, A., Yano, S., Mikata, Y., Tanaka, M., Kataoka, H., & Okamoto, Y. (2019). A Basic Study of Photodynamic Therapy with Glucose-Conjugated Chlorin e6 Using Mammary Carcinoma Xenografts. Cancers, 11(5), 636. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers11050636

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