Validating fPSA Glycoprofile as a Prostate Cancer Biomarker to Avoid Unnecessary Biopsies and Re-Biopsies
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. fPSA Glycans and Their Analysis
2.2. Glycan Biomarkers Outperform Total PSA and fPSA% for PCa Detection
2.3. Early Stage PCa Diagnostics
2.4. The Diagnostic Performance of PGI Compared to PHI
2.5. PGI Decreases the Number of Unnecessary Biopsies
2.6. The Prognostic Ability of Glycan Biomarkers in the Prediction of Low- and High-Grade Tumors
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Clinical Cohorts
4.2. Glycoprofiling of fPSA, Data Analysis, and Statistics
5. Conclusions
6. Patents
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics | Participants, n = 140 | |
---|---|---|
Biopsy Result | Non-Cancer 70 (50%) | Prostate Cancer 70 (50%) |
Age Average (range) ≤60 year >60 year | 60.2 (49–77) 37 (53%) 33 (47%) | 64.1 (40–79) 27 (39%) 43 (61%) |
tPSA (ng/mL) Average (range) ≤3 3–5 ≥5 | 5.4 (2.5–10.7) 6 (9%) 26 (37%) 38 (54%) | 5.5 (2.3–9.8) 6 (9%) 26 (37%) 38 (54%) |
Prostate volume (mL) ≤35 35–50 >50 | 13 (19%) 17 (24%) 40 (57%) | 29 (41%) 21 (30%) 20 (29%) |
Biopsy results Gleason score (patterns) 6 (3 + 3) 7 (3 + 4) 7 (4 + 3) 8 (3 + 5) 9 (4 + 5) 10 (5 + 5) Prostatitis Atrophy Benign hyperplasia High-grade PIN Previous biopsy Follow-up carcinoma (ReDX) | NA NA NA NA NA NA 43 (61%) 20 (29%) 28 (40%) 2 (3%) 11 (16%) 1 | 28 (40%) 27 (39%) 3 (4%) 7 (10%) 4 (6%) 1 (1%) 12 (17%) 18 (26%) 6 (9%) 3 (4%) 3 (4%) NA |
Tumor risk groups Gleason score | ||
Low grade GS = 6 | NA | 28 (40%) |
Significant GS ≥ 7 | NA | 42 (60%) |
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Bertok, T.; Jane, E.; Bertokova, A.; Lorencova, L.; Zvara, P.; Smolkova, B.; Kucera, R.; Klocker, H.; Tkac, J. Validating fPSA Glycoprofile as a Prostate Cancer Biomarker to Avoid Unnecessary Biopsies and Re-Biopsies. Cancers 2020, 12, 2988. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12102988
Bertok T, Jane E, Bertokova A, Lorencova L, Zvara P, Smolkova B, Kucera R, Klocker H, Tkac J. Validating fPSA Glycoprofile as a Prostate Cancer Biomarker to Avoid Unnecessary Biopsies and Re-Biopsies. Cancers. 2020; 12(10):2988. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12102988
Chicago/Turabian StyleBertok, Tomas, Eduard Jane, Aniko Bertokova, Lenka Lorencova, Peter Zvara, Bozena Smolkova, Radek Kucera, Helmut Klocker, and Jan Tkac. 2020. "Validating fPSA Glycoprofile as a Prostate Cancer Biomarker to Avoid Unnecessary Biopsies and Re-Biopsies" Cancers 12, no. 10: 2988. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12102988