The Controversial Roles of ADP-Ribosyl Hydrolases MACROD1, MACROD2 and TARG1 in Carcinogenesis
Abstract
:1. ADP-Ribosylation Reactions
2. Macrodomains
3. Macrodomain-Containing Hydrolases: MACROD1, MACROD2, and TARG1
4. Mono(ADP-ribosyl)ation in Cancer
5. MACROD1 in Cancer
6. MACROD2 in Cancer
7. TARG1 in Cancer
8. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Protein Name | Alternative Names | Gene Name | MW Predicted | MW Observed | Intracellular Localisation | Expression | Regulation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MACROD1 | LRP16 | MACROD1 | 35.5 kDa | 27 kDa* [70,71] | Mitochondrial [40,70,71] | Ubiquitous expression, enriched in skeletal muscle [70,71] | mRNA expression is induced by oestrogen [72,73,74] |
MACROD2 | C20orf133 | MACROD2 | 47 kDa | 50 kDa [70] | Diffuse nuclear, cytoplasmic [70,75] | So far detected only in the brain [70,76] | Phosphorylation by ATM upon DNA damage induces translocation to cytoplasm [75] |
TARG1 | C6orf130 | OARD1 | 17 kDa | 17 kDa [14,70] | Nuclear, nucleolar, stress granular [14,45,70] | Ubiquitous expression [70] | Leaves nucleoli upon DNA damage [14] |
Cancer Tissue | Protein | Expression | Effect/Prognosis | Antibody Used | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Neuroendocrine lung tumours | MACROD1 | Elevated | Poorer survival | Monoclonal rabbit antibody against LRP16 Not further specified or validated | [104] |
Hepatocellular carcinoma | MACROD1 | Overexpressed: N- or C- tag not specified | Lower cell and tumour growth | Santa Cruz goat polyclonal This antibody is not available anymore. Whole blots are not shown. It was not validated with siRNA | [103] |
Pancreatic carcinoma | MACROD1 | Overexpressed: N- or C- tag not specified | Higher cell and tumour growth | Abcam rabbit polyclonal This antibody recognises multiple bands in WB and is thus not suitable for IHC/IF | [105] |
Colorectal carcinoma | MACROD1 | Elevated | Poorer survival | Polyclonal rabbit antibody generated by the authors’ institute Not further specified or validated | [106] |
Gastric carcinoma | MACROD1 | Elevated | Poorer survival | Polyclonal rabbit antibody generated by the authors’ institute Not further specified or validated | [107] |
Breast cancer | MACROD1 | MACROD1 expression quantified as either positive or negative | MACROD1 expression was higher in patients with advanced stages | LRP16 rabbit anti-human antibody, source not given Not further specified or validated | [108] |
Endometrial cancer | MACROD1 | Overexpressed | No effect on proliferation but enhanced invasion | Antiserum generated in rabbits against amino acids 83-324 | [101] |
Breast cancer | MACROD1 | Overexpression | Increased proliferation | Not specified | [74] |
Colorectal carcinoma | MACROD1 | Non-tagged and N-terminal flag-tagged overexpression | Confers resistance to chemotherapeutics | Antibody used for IHC and WB not specified, recognises bands at ±35 and ±45 kDa | [88] |
Tumours induced in mice by sublethal irradiation | MACROD2 | Knockout mice | No difference between wildtype and MacroD2-/- | Thermofisher PA5-45950 This antibody recognises bands at ±38 kDa and ±22 kDa | [109] |
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Feijs, K.L.H.; Cooper, C.D.O.; Žaja, R. The Controversial Roles of ADP-Ribosyl Hydrolases MACROD1, MACROD2 and TARG1 in Carcinogenesis. Cancers 2020, 12, 604. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12030604
Feijs KLH, Cooper CDO, Žaja R. The Controversial Roles of ADP-Ribosyl Hydrolases MACROD1, MACROD2 and TARG1 in Carcinogenesis. Cancers. 2020; 12(3):604. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12030604
Chicago/Turabian StyleFeijs, Karla L.H., Christopher D.O. Cooper, and Roko Žaja. 2020. "The Controversial Roles of ADP-Ribosyl Hydrolases MACROD1, MACROD2 and TARG1 in Carcinogenesis" Cancers 12, no. 3: 604. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12030604