Loss of Y-Chromosome during Male Breast Carcinogenesis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. General Patients and Tumor Characteristics
2.2. LOY in Male BC and Outcome
2.3. LOY during Progression from DCIS to Invasive BC
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Patients
4.2. Immunohistochemistry on Tissue Micro-Array
4.3. Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization on Invasive BC Using Tissue Micro-Array
4.4. Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization on Invasive BC and Adjacent DCIS Using Whole Tissue Slides
4.5. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Patients and Tumor Characteristics | n | Range/% |
---|---|---|
Age at diagnosis (in years) | ||
Median-range | 67 | 25–98 |
Tumor size (in mm) (missing; n = 413) | ||
Median-range | 20 | 1–110 |
Grade (%) (missing; n = 30) | ||
Low | 190 | 24.8 |
Intermediate | 401 | 52.3 |
High | 175 | 22.8 |
Precursor lesion (missing; n = 27) | ||
None | 403 | 52.4 |
DCIS | 360 | 46.8 |
Other | 6 | 0.8 |
TIL density (missing; n = 32) | ||
Minimal-Mild | 652 | 81.9 |
Moderate-Severe | 112 | 14.1 |
ER status (missing; n = 54) | ||
ER+ | 694 | 93.5 |
ER− | 48 | 6.5 |
PR status (missing; n = 42) | ||
PR+ | 548 | 72.7 |
PR− | 206 | 27.3 |
AR status (missing; n = 45) | ||
AR+ | 533 | 71.0 |
AR− | 218 | 29.0 |
HER2 status (missing; n = 24) | ||
HER2+ | 34 | 4.4 |
HER2− | 738 | 95.6 |
IHC subtype (Undermined; n = 77) | ||
ER+PR+/-HER2− | 649 | 90.3 |
ER+PR+HER2+ | 32 | 4.5 |
ER-PR-HER2+ | 1 | 0.1 |
ER-PR-HER2− | 37 | 5.1 |
Loss of Y (Undetermined; n = 74) | ||
XY | 630 | 87.3 |
X_ | 92 | 12.7 |
Distant metastasis (missing; n = 494) | ||
Yes | 66 | 21.9 |
No | 236 | 78.1 |
Survival (missing; n = 6) | ||
Alive | 296 | 37.5 |
Dead | 494 | 62.5 |
Patient and Tumor Characteristics | XY Status | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|
XY (Range/%) | X_ (Range/%) | ||
Age at diagnosis | 0.311 | ||
Median (years) | 67.0 (25–95) | 64.5 (34–98) | |
Tumor size (missing; n = 362) | 0.093 | ||
Median (mm) | 20.0 (1–110) | 21.0 (0–90) | |
Grade (missing; n = 26) | 0.056 | ||
Low | 161 (26.5) | 13 (14.7) | |
Intermediate | 306 (50.3) | 53 (60.2) | |
High | 141 (23.2) | 22 (25.0) | |
Precursor lesion (missing; n = 24) | 0.605 | ||
None | 317 (52.0) | 48 (54.5) | |
DCIS | 287 (47.0) | 40 (45.5) | |
Other | 6 (1.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
TIL density (missing; n = 28) | 0.268 | ||
Minimal-Mild | 515 (85.0) | 13 (54.2) | |
Moderate-Severe | 91 (15.0) | 11 (45.8) | |
ER status (missing; n = 41) | 0.017 | ||
ER+ | 561 (94.4) | 76 (87.4) | |
ER− | 33 (5.6) | 11 (12.6) | |
PR status (missing; n = 34) | 0.01 | ||
PR+ | 448 (74.4) | 53 (61.6) | |
PR− | 154 (24.6) | 33 (38.4) | |
AR status (missing; n = 32) | 0.327 | ||
AR+ | 428 (67.9) | 67 (72.8) | |
AR− | 174 (27.6) | 21 (22.8) | |
HER2 status (missing; n = 17) | 0.542 | ||
HER2+ | 29 (4.7) | 3 (3.3) | |
HER2− | 585 (95.3) | 88 (96.7) | |
IHC subtype (undetermined; n = 60) | 0.242 | ||
ER+/-PR+/-HER2− | 525 (90.7) | 72 (86.7) | |
ER+PR+/-HER2+ | 27 (4.6) | 3 (3.6) | |
ER-PR-HER2+ | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | |
ER-PR-HER2− | 26 (4.5) | 8 (9.6) | |
Distant metastasis (missing; n = 451) | 0.157 | ||
Yes | 54 (22.6) | 3 (10.8) | |
No | 189 (79.4) | 25 (89.2) | |
Survival (missing; n = 5) | 0.469 | ||
Alive | 240 (38.4) | 30 (33.0) | |
Dead | 386 (61.6) | 61 (67.0) |
Patient | DCIS | Invasive BC |
---|---|---|
A: Patients with LOY in the Invasive Component (n = 22) | ||
1 | X_ | X_ |
2 | X_ | X_ |
3 | X_ | X_ |
4 | X_ | X_ |
5 | XY | X_ |
6 | X_ | X_ |
7 | X_ | X_ |
8 | X_ | X_ |
9 | X_ | X_ |
10 | XY | X_ |
11 | X_ | X_ |
12 | XY | X_ |
13 | X_ | X_ |
14 | Undetermined | X_ |
15 | X_ | X_ |
16 | X_ | X_ |
17 | X_ | X_ |
18 | X_ | X_ |
19 | X_ | X_ |
20 | X_ | X_ |
21 | X_ | X_ |
22 | XY | X_ |
B: Patients without LOY in the invasive component (n = 20) | ||
1 | XY | XY |
2 | XY | XY |
3 | XY | XY |
4 | XY | XY |
5 | XY | XY |
6 | XY | XY |
7 | XY | XY |
8 | XY | XY |
9 | XY | XY |
10 | XY | XY |
11 | XY | XY |
12 | XY | XY |
13 | XY | XY |
14 | XY | XY |
15 | XY | XY |
16 | XY | XY |
17 | XY | XY |
18 | XY | XY |
19 | XY | XY |
20 | XY | XY |
Antibody | Type | Company | Clone | Lot Number | Dilution | Antigen Retrieval pH | Incubation Time |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ER | Anti-mouse | Dako | 1D5 | M7047 | 1:40 | 9 | 60 min |
PR | Anti-mouse | Dako | PgR 636 | M3569 | 1:50 | 9 | 60 min |
AR | Anti-mouse | ErasmusMC | F39.4 | Trapman | 1:50 | 9 | Overnight |
HER2neu | Anti-Rabbit | Dako | Herceptest | K5204 | ready to use | ready to use | 60 min |
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Share and Cite
Agahozo, M.C.; Timmermans, M.A.M.; Sleddens, H.F.B.M.; Foekens, R.; Trapman-Jansen, A.M.A.C.; Schröder, C.P.; van Leeuwen-Stok, E.; Martens, J.W.M.; N. M. Dinjens, W.; van Deurzen, C.H.M. Loss of Y-Chromosome during Male Breast Carcinogenesis. Cancers 2020, 12, 631. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12030631
Agahozo MC, Timmermans MAM, Sleddens HFBM, Foekens R, Trapman-Jansen AMAC, Schröder CP, van Leeuwen-Stok E, Martens JWM, N. M. Dinjens W, van Deurzen CHM. Loss of Y-Chromosome during Male Breast Carcinogenesis. Cancers. 2020; 12(3):631. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12030631
Chicago/Turabian StyleAgahozo, Marie Colombe, Mieke A. M. Timmermans, Hein F. B. M. Sleddens, Renée Foekens, Anita M. A. C. Trapman-Jansen, Carolien P. Schröder, Elise van Leeuwen-Stok, John W. M. Martens, Winand N. M. Dinjens, and Carolien H. M. van Deurzen. 2020. "Loss of Y-Chromosome during Male Breast Carcinogenesis" Cancers 12, no. 3: 631. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12030631
APA StyleAgahozo, M. C., Timmermans, M. A. M., Sleddens, H. F. B. M., Foekens, R., Trapman-Jansen, A. M. A. C., Schröder, C. P., van Leeuwen-Stok, E., Martens, J. W. M., N. M. Dinjens, W., & van Deurzen, C. H. M. (2020). Loss of Y-Chromosome during Male Breast Carcinogenesis. Cancers, 12(3), 631. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12030631