Are Synapse-Like Structures a Possible Way for Crosstalk of Cancer with Its Microenvironment?
Abstract
:1. Introduction.
1.1. The Necessity of Changing the Paradigm in Cancer Therapy
1.2. A Brief Description of the TME and Its Importance for Cancer Progression
1.3. A Short Summary of the Formation of Immunological Synapses between T cells and the Activated Antigen-Presenting Cells
1.4. Clusterization of Receptors and Ligands is A Prerequisite and Signature of IS Formation
1.5. Remodeling of Cytoskeletons in Intercellular Interactions
1.6. Circulating Cancer Cells Form Clusters through Tomo- and Heterotypic Intercellular Adhesions That Are Responsible for Metastasis and Possess the Stemness Property
1.7. Why are CAFs “Chosen” for Cancer Cell Partners and Direct Contacts
2. Conclusions
The Power of Clusters in Signal Transmission, and Their Vulnerability to a Directed Disruption
- The proximity of the interacting cells.
- The presence of receptor clusters and corresponding ligands on the interacting cells.
- The presence of strong interactions that allow cancer cells to migrate together with the stromal cells within circulating clusters.
- A remodeled cytoskeleton in the interacting cells.
- Characteristic changes in the transcription regulation [81] and possible epigenetic changes.
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Alekseenko, I.V.; Chernov, I.P.; Kostrov, S.V.; Sverdlov, E.D. Are Synapse-Like Structures a Possible Way for Crosstalk of Cancer with Its Microenvironment? Cancers 2020, 12, 806. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12040806
Alekseenko IV, Chernov IP, Kostrov SV, Sverdlov ED. Are Synapse-Like Structures a Possible Way for Crosstalk of Cancer with Its Microenvironment? Cancers. 2020; 12(4):806. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12040806
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlekseenko, Irina V, Igor P Chernov, Sergei V Kostrov, and Eugene D Sverdlov. 2020. "Are Synapse-Like Structures a Possible Way for Crosstalk of Cancer with Its Microenvironment?" Cancers 12, no. 4: 806. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12040806