Discoidin Domain Receptor-1 (DDR1) is Involved in Angiolymphatic Invasion in Oral Cancer
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Clinical Relevance of DDR1 Overexpression and ALI
2.2. Expression Levels of DDR1 and Basement Membrane Type IV Collagen are Positively Correlated
2.3. DDR1 in OSCC Cells is Ligand-Independent and Constitutively Active
2.4. Constitutively Active DDR1 Contributes to Cell Growth and Clonogenicity
2.5. DDR1 is Involved in Collective Cell Invasion of OSCC TW2.6 Cells
2.6. DDR1 Specific Inhibitor, DDR1-IN-1, Suppressed ALI and PNI in TW2.6 Xenograft Tissues
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Cell Culture and Drug Sensitivity Assay
4.2. Antibodies and Reagents
4.3. Reverse Transcription-Quantitative Real-Time PCR (RT-qPCR)
4.4. Western Blot Analysis and Immunoprecipitation
4.5. Clonogenic Survival Assay
4.6. Immunofluorescence Assay
4.7. Spheroid Invasion Assays
4.8. Dual Immunohistochemical Staining
4.9. Animal Experiment
4.10. Bioinformatics and Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Gene SYMBOL | Fold 1 (Yes/No) | Probability 2 | Gene Symbol | Fold (Yes/No) | Probability | Gene Symbol | Fold (Yes/No) | Probability |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LDHD | 0.351 | 65.7 | MMP3 | 1.346 | 19.0 | GRHL3 | 0.481 | 11.9 |
SORCS2 | 2.233 | 62.9 | TRIM56 | 1.241 | 19.0 | LRRC73 | 1.438 | 11.8 |
NELL2 | 0.390 | 60.7 | AAMDC | 1.420 | 18.9 | FBXO2 | 1.878 | 11.7 |
ACSF2 | 1.778 | 52.5 | TMPRSS7 | 2.135 | 18.9 | CYB561A3 | 1.388 | 11.2 |
MMP1 | 1.457 | 45.7 | ITGA3 | 1.701 | 18.6 | ITGA2 | 1.221 | 11.1 |
SERPINE1 | 2.103 | 45.6 | TNK1 | 1.717 | 18.2 | IQCE | 1.415 | 11.1 |
DDR1 | 1.569 | 45.4 | CHST3 | 1.232 | 17.8 | ZNF114 | 1.927 | 11.0 |
CHST15 | 1.304 | 44.3 | MCOLN3 | 2.266 | 17.0 | PRODH | 0.414 | 11.0 |
GRINA | 1.257 | 38.5 | HECTD1 | 0.877 | 16.5 | ME1 | 0.758 | 10.8 |
CCDC30 | 1.313 | 38.3 | PTGER1 | 0.680 | 15.8 | NBPF3 | 1.539 | 10.8 |
ZNF704 | 2.084 | 33.4 | PPP2R2B | 2.034 | 15.6 | ASB4 | 0.806 | 10.6 |
RNF5P1 | 1.425 | 33.3 | GPR107 | 1.662 | 15.5 | LYRM1 | 0.910 | 10.6 |
APCDD1L | 2.075 | 32.3 | SLC16A9 | 0.595 | 15.4 | CYP4F22 | 0.276 | 10.6 |
CYP24A1 | 1.540 | 31.3 | MCRIP1 | 1.522 | 15.1 | XYLT2 | 1.176 | 10.4 |
REPS2 | 1.951 | 29.1 | DLL1 | 1.428 | 14.8 | KLC4 | 1.482 | 10.2 |
CAMK2N1 | 1.613 | 27.1 | CDCA7L | 1.440 | 14.8 | CGB5 | 2.487 | 10.2 |
TINAGL1 | 1.751 | 27.1 | FOXC2 | 1.850 | 14.6 | EVA1A | 1.926 | 10.1 |
KLK14 | 0.269 | 26.1 | RTN4RL2 | 1.204 | 14.4 | MDFIC | 0.780 | 10.0 |
TGFBI | 1.192 | 23.2 | SPECC1 | 1.479 | 14.0 | PRKCH | 0.813 | 9.9 |
NOS3 | 0.606 | 21.3 | NCS1 | 1.581 | 13.6 | SLC2A6 | 1.359 | 9.8 |
ZDHHC21 | 0.625 | 21.1 | CCM2 | 1.197 | 13.5 | EFHB | 0.487 | 9.8 |
FSTL3 | 1.753 | 20.8 | UPK1A | 0.349 | 13.3 | EPHB2 | 2.235 | 9.8 |
AUH | 1.562 | 20.7 | GLB1 | 1.318 | 13.1 | FREM1 | 0.681 | 9.6 |
ITGB4 | 1.320 | 20.3 | SYK | 0.633 | 13.0 | MFSD6 | 0.789 | 9.5 |
C4orf26 | 2.344 | 20.2 | GLTP | 0.795 | 12.8 | GUCA2B | 0.728 | 9.5 |
GPAT3 | 0.680 | 20.1 | COL4A6 | 1.842 | 12.7 | ZBTB18 | 0.889 | 9.4 |
RRAS | 1.308 | 19.6 | BMP8B | 1.412 | 12.5 | NELFB | 1.364 | 9.2 |
GPRC5D | 0.672 | 19.4 | PDPN | 1.585 | 12.5 | LYN | 1.207 | 9.1 |
SEMA3G | 0.731 | 19.3 | HPSE | 0.636 | 12.1 | ABHD12 | 0.812 | 9.0 |
PRRC2A | 1.329 | 19.2 | SLC43A2 | 1.763 | 12.0 | TMEM63C | 0.565 | 8.9 |
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Chen, Y.-L.; Tsai, W.-H.; Ko, Y.-C.; Lai, T.-Y.; Cheng, A.-J.; Shiah, S.-G.; Hsiao, J.-R.; Chang, J.-Y.; Lin, S.-F. Discoidin Domain Receptor-1 (DDR1) is Involved in Angiolymphatic Invasion in Oral Cancer. Cancers 2020, 12, 841. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12040841
Chen Y-L, Tsai W-H, Ko Y-C, Lai T-Y, Cheng A-J, Shiah S-G, Hsiao J-R, Chang J-Y, Lin S-F. Discoidin Domain Receptor-1 (DDR1) is Involved in Angiolymphatic Invasion in Oral Cancer. Cancers. 2020; 12(4):841. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12040841
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen, Yu-Lian, Wan-Hua Tsai, Ying-Chieh Ko, Ting-Yu Lai, Ann-Joy Cheng, Shine-Gwo Shiah, Jenn-Ren Hsiao, Jang-Yang Chang, and Su-Fang Lin. 2020. "Discoidin Domain Receptor-1 (DDR1) is Involved in Angiolymphatic Invasion in Oral Cancer" Cancers 12, no. 4: 841. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12040841