Roles of Sorcin in Drug Resistance in Cancer: One Protein, Many Mechanisms, for a Novel Potential Anticancer Drug Target
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Role and Mode of Action of Sorcin in Physiological and Pathological Processes
2.1. Sorcin Structure and Calcium-dependent Activation
2.2. Sorcin Mechanisms of Action: Role in Calcium Homeostasis, ER Stress, and Apoptosis
2.3. Sorcin Under Cellular Stressing Conditions and in Pathologies
2.4. Sorcin in Cancer and Multidrug (MD)-resistant Tumors
2.5. Sorcin Expression and ABCB1 Expression are Linked
2.6. Sorcin, Metastatization, and EMT
2.7. Sorcin Directly Binds Chemotherapeutic Drugs
2.8. Targeting Sorcin
3. Conclusions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Events: | Sorcin Role: | References Relevant Studies |
---|---|---|
Calcium homeostasis | Regulation of Ca2+ channels, pumps, exchangers | [4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21] |
Regulation of ER and cytosolic Ca2+ concentration | [4,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28] | |
Regulation of heart-muscle contraction | [6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,29,30] | |
Cellular metabolism | ER stress sensor, unfolded protein response regulation | [20,22,26,27,28,31] |
Regulation of mitosis, cytokinesis, cell cycle | [17,22,26,27,32] | |
Regulation of kinases | [22,30,33,34] | |
Regulation of glucose metabolism | [28,35] | |
Neurodegeneration | Overexpression in neurodegenerative diseases | [31,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48] |
Cancer | Overexpression in tumors | [20,23,24,25,26,34,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65] |
Increase of MDR | [24,25,26,32,34,52,54,56,60,66,67,68,69,70,71] | |
Cell death | Regulation of cell death | [9,15,25,42,43,44,45,46,47,48] |
Drug elimination | Drug binding-elimination | [72] |
Efflux pumps | Increased expression of ABCB1 | [24,32,34,52,57,60,66,68,69,73,74,75] |
EMT | Increase of EMT | [58,67] |
Angiogenesis | Increase of invasion and angiogenesis | [67,76,77] |
Metastatization | Increase of metastatization | [53,67,78] |
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Battista, T.; Fiorillo, A.; Chiarini, V.; Genovese, I.; Ilari, A.; Colotti, G. Roles of Sorcin in Drug Resistance in Cancer: One Protein, Many Mechanisms, for a Novel Potential Anticancer Drug Target. Cancers 2020, 12, 887. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12040887
Battista T, Fiorillo A, Chiarini V, Genovese I, Ilari A, Colotti G. Roles of Sorcin in Drug Resistance in Cancer: One Protein, Many Mechanisms, for a Novel Potential Anticancer Drug Target. Cancers. 2020; 12(4):887. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12040887
Chicago/Turabian StyleBattista, Theo, Annarita Fiorillo, Valerio Chiarini, Ilaria Genovese, Andrea Ilari, and Gianni Colotti. 2020. "Roles of Sorcin in Drug Resistance in Cancer: One Protein, Many Mechanisms, for a Novel Potential Anticancer Drug Target" Cancers 12, no. 4: 887. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12040887