Towards Physiologically and Tightly Regulated Vectored Antibody Therapies
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Active Immunotherapy Approaches for Antibody Secretion (Vectored Immunoprophylaxis)
2.1. General Notions of Vector Design
2.2. Applications for Cancer Therapy
2.3. Immune Consequences after Vector Infusion
3. Transgenic Antibody Expression by B Cells
3.1. Constitutive Expression of Transgenic Antibodies by B Cells
3.2. Toward the Physiologically Regulated Expression of Ectopic Antibodies
4. Direct Gene Editing of the Endogenous BCR
4.1. General Principle
4.2. Current Challenges
5. Conclusion and Perspectives
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A. Antibodies to Restrict Vector Tropism to Tumor Cells in Gene Therapy
Appendix B. New Tools for Genetic Modifications of B Cells
References
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Characteristics | Cheong [88] | Lin [89] | Voss [87] | Greiner [86] | Moffett [85] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Target cell | Human B cells | Mouse ESC | Human B cells | Human B cells | Human B cells |
Cas9 delivery | Retroviral vector | RNP | Plasmid | RNP | RNP |
Cutting heavy chain | Yes (1 cut in constant region) | Yes (2 cuts in D and J regions) | Yes (2 cuts in V and after J regions) | Yes (1 cut in V region) | Yes (1 cut after J and before constant region) |
Cutting light chain | No | No | No | Yes (1 cut in κV region) | No |
Cutting efficiency | N.D. | 26–54.5% | N.D. | N.D. | 72% |
Sequences inserted | None | VH | VH | HC and LC | LC fused to VH |
HDR efficiency | N.D. | 0–50% | 0.21% | 8.5% | 30% |
Promoter | Endogenous | Exogenous | Endogenous | Endogenous | Exogenous |
AID/class switching | ? | ? | Yes | ? | ? |
Target | Endogenous | HIV | HIV | TNF-α | RSV |
Approach | Infusion of Cells | Target Cell Type | Single Injection | Physiological Regulated | Immune Memory | Other Limitations | Refs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Passive immunotherapy (Ab injection) | None | None | No | No | No | Anti-idiotypic Abs Immune escape | [16,17] |
In situ vectored gene transfer | None | Vector infected cells | Yes | No | No | Anti-idiotypic Abs Immune escape | [28,29,30,31,39,41,42,43,44,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,100,101,102] |
Molecular rheostat approach | B cells | B cells | Yes | No | No | Random insertions Chimeras Effect on the endogenous response? | [75] |
FAM2 technology | B cells | B cells | Yes | Yes | Yes | Random insertion Chimeras Effect on the endogenous response? | [72] |
CRISPR-edited BCR | B cells | B cells | Yes | Yes | Yes | Off-targets HDR efficiency Chimeras Effect on the endogenous response? | [85,86,87,88,89] |
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Page, A.; Fusil, F.; Cosset, F.-L. Towards Physiologically and Tightly Regulated Vectored Antibody Therapies. Cancers 2020, 12, 962. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12040962
Page A, Fusil F, Cosset F-L. Towards Physiologically and Tightly Regulated Vectored Antibody Therapies. Cancers. 2020; 12(4):962. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12040962
Chicago/Turabian StylePage, Audrey, Floriane Fusil, and François-Loïc Cosset. 2020. "Towards Physiologically and Tightly Regulated Vectored Antibody Therapies" Cancers 12, no. 4: 962. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12040962