Tumorigenic and Metastatic Role of CD44−/low/CD24−/low Cells in Luminal Breast Cancer
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Luminal Subtypes Have a Predominantly CD44−/low/CD24−/low Phenotype
2.2. Lumina CD44−/low/CD24−/low Cells Exhibit Properties of Self-Renewal and Differentiation
2.3. Luminal CD44−/low/CD24−/low Cells Express Key Pluripotency Regulators
2.4. ALDH1A3 Is Overexpressed in Breast Cancer Subtypes
2.5. Luminal CD44−/low/CD24−/low Cells Show Strong Tumorigenic and Metastatic Behavior
2.6. CD44−/low/CD24−/low Xenotransplants Express NANOG and ALDH1A3 at Metastatic Site
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Antibodies and Reagents
4.2. Cell Culture
4.3. Mammosphere Culture
4.4. ALDEFLUOR Assay
4.5. Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting (FACS)
4.6. Colony Formation Assay
4.7. Transwell Migration Assay
4.8. Wound Healing Assay
4.9. Immunofluorescence, Immunohistochemistry, and Image Quantitative Analysis
4.10. Mouse Xenotransplant
4.11. Quantitative Reverse Transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR)
4.12. RNA Silencing
4.13. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Vikram, R.; Chou, W.C.; Hung, S.-C.; Shen, C.-Y. Tumorigenic and Metastatic Role of CD44−/low/CD24−/low Cells in Luminal Breast Cancer. Cancers 2020, 12, 1239. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12051239
Vikram R, Chou WC, Hung S-C, Shen C-Y. Tumorigenic and Metastatic Role of CD44−/low/CD24−/low Cells in Luminal Breast Cancer. Cancers. 2020; 12(5):1239. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12051239
Chicago/Turabian StyleVikram, Rajeev, Wen Cheng Chou, Shih-Chieh Hung, and Chen-Yang Shen. 2020. "Tumorigenic and Metastatic Role of CD44−/low/CD24−/low Cells in Luminal Breast Cancer" Cancers 12, no. 5: 1239. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12051239