Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen-4 in Colorectal Cancer: Another Therapeutic Side of Capecitabine
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Evaluation of CTLA-4 Expression in CRC—In Silico Study
2.1.1. CTLA-4 Expression in GEO Datasets
2.1.2. CTLA-4 Expression UCSC Xena Browser
2.2. Evaluating CTLA-4 Expression in CRC—In Vitro Study
2.2.1. Patients and Samples
2.2.2. Cell Culture
2.2.3. CTLA-4 Expression in HT-29, HCT 116, and SW480 Cells
2.2.4. Cell Proliferation Assays Using Capecitabine
2.2.5. RNA Extraction and Complementary DNA (cDNA) Synthesis
2.2.6. Real-Time PCR Analysis
2.2.7. Electrophoresis for Real-Time PCR Products
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Data Preprocessing and Heatmaps of CTLA-4 Expression in GSE110224 and GSE25070 Datasets
3.2. CTLA-4 Expression and Kaplan–Meier Survival Analysis Using UCSC Xena Browser
3.3. Clinicopathological Features of Included CRC Patients
3.4. The CTLA-4 Expression in CRC Tissues and Adjacent Non-Tumoral Samples
3.5. The Comparison of CTLA-4 Expression in HT-29 and SW480 Cell Lines
3.6. The Effect of Capecitabine on the Viability of SW480 Cells
3.7. CTLA-4 Expression in SW480 Cells after Treatment with Capecitabine
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Clinicopathological Characteristics | N (%) |
---|---|
Female, sex | 8 (44.44%) |
Age years, mean (range) | 59 (30–79%) |
Location, colon | 12 (66.6%) |
Location, rectum | 6 (33.4%) |
liver metastasis | 5 (27.7%) |
Stage I | 4 (22.2%) |
Stage II | 1 (5.6%) |
Stage III | 9 (50%) |
Stage IV | 4 (22.2%) |
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Derakhshani, A.; Hashemzadeh, S.; Asadzadeh, Z.; Shadbad, M.A.; Rasibonab, F.; Safarpour, H.; Jafarlou, V.; Solimando, A.G.; Racanelli, V.; Singh, P.K.; et al. Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen-4 in Colorectal Cancer: Another Therapeutic Side of Capecitabine. Cancers 2021, 13, 2414. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13102414
Derakhshani A, Hashemzadeh S, Asadzadeh Z, Shadbad MA, Rasibonab F, Safarpour H, Jafarlou V, Solimando AG, Racanelli V, Singh PK, et al. Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen-4 in Colorectal Cancer: Another Therapeutic Side of Capecitabine. Cancers. 2021; 13(10):2414. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13102414
Chicago/Turabian StyleDerakhshani, Afshin, Shahryar Hashemzadeh, Zahra Asadzadeh, Mahdi Abdoli Shadbad, Farnaz Rasibonab, Hossein Safarpour, Vahid Jafarlou, Antonio Giovanni Solimando, Vito Racanelli, Pankaj Kumar Singh, and et al. 2021. "Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen-4 in Colorectal Cancer: Another Therapeutic Side of Capecitabine" Cancers 13, no. 10: 2414. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13102414