Does the Microenvironment Hold the Hidden Key for Functional Precision Medicine in Pancreatic Cancer?
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Current Trends in PDAC Precision Medicine
3. Pre-Clinical Models in the Precision Medicine Pipeline
4. How the Microenvironment Influences PDAC Response to Treatment
4.1. Extracellular Matrix
4.2. Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts
4.3. Immune Cells
4.4. Extracellular Vesicles
5. Models That Reflect the Complex Microenvironment Are Required to Inform Functional Precision Medicine in PDAC
5.1. Ex Vivo Tissue Slice Model
5.2. Ex Vivo Tumour Explant Model
5.3. Opportunities of Whole-Tissue Models to Guide Functional Precision Medicine
5.4. Targeting the PDAC Stroma and Opportunities for Personalised Treatment
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Kokkinos, J.; Jensen, A.; Sharbeen, G.; McCarroll, J.A.; Goldstein, D.; Haghighi, K.S.; Phillips, P.A. Does the Microenvironment Hold the Hidden Key for Functional Precision Medicine in Pancreatic Cancer? Cancers 2021, 13, 2427. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13102427
Kokkinos J, Jensen A, Sharbeen G, McCarroll JA, Goldstein D, Haghighi KS, Phillips PA. Does the Microenvironment Hold the Hidden Key for Functional Precision Medicine in Pancreatic Cancer? Cancers. 2021; 13(10):2427. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13102427
Chicago/Turabian StyleKokkinos, John, Anya Jensen, George Sharbeen, Joshua A. McCarroll, David Goldstein, Koroush S. Haghighi, and Phoebe A. Phillips. 2021. "Does the Microenvironment Hold the Hidden Key for Functional Precision Medicine in Pancreatic Cancer?" Cancers 13, no. 10: 2427. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13102427