Knocking out the Vitamin D Receptor Enhances Malignancy and Decreases Responsiveness to Vitamin D3 Hydroxyderivatives in Human Melanoma Cells
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sources of Vitamin D3 Compounds
2.2. Culture of Melanoma Cells
2.3. CRISPR/Cas Knock out of the VDR
2.4. Western Blot Analysis of VDR Expression
2.5. MTS Assay of Melanoma Cell Proliferation
2.6. Cell Counting
2.7. Analysis of Spheroid Formation in Culture
2.8. Colony Formation Assay
2.9. Cell Migration Assay
2.10. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. VDR Expression Affects Cell Proliferation, Colony and Spheroid Formation
3.2. VDR Expression Affects Cell Migration
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Podgorska, E.; Kim, T.-K.; Janjetovic, Z.; Urbanska, K.; Tuckey, R.C.; Bae, S.; Slominski, A.T. Knocking out the Vitamin D Receptor Enhances Malignancy and Decreases Responsiveness to Vitamin D3 Hydroxyderivatives in Human Melanoma Cells. Cancers 2021, 13, 3111. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13133111
Podgorska E, Kim T-K, Janjetovic Z, Urbanska K, Tuckey RC, Bae S, Slominski AT. Knocking out the Vitamin D Receptor Enhances Malignancy and Decreases Responsiveness to Vitamin D3 Hydroxyderivatives in Human Melanoma Cells. Cancers. 2021; 13(13):3111. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13133111
Chicago/Turabian StylePodgorska, Ewa, Tae-Kang Kim, Zorica Janjetovic, Krystyna Urbanska, Robert C. Tuckey, Sejong Bae, and Andrzej T. Slominski. 2021. "Knocking out the Vitamin D Receptor Enhances Malignancy and Decreases Responsiveness to Vitamin D3 Hydroxyderivatives in Human Melanoma Cells" Cancers 13, no. 13: 3111. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13133111