The Risk Factors for Radiation Pneumonitis after Single-Fraction Carbon-Ion Radiotherapy for Lung Cancer or Metastasis
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Ethics Statement
2.2. Patients
2.3. Carbon-Ion Radiotherapy
2.4. Evaluation and Follow-Up
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Patients
3.2. Radiation Pneumonitis
3.3. Correlation between Pretreatment Clinical Factors and Radiation Pneumonitis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics | Patients |
---|---|
Age (years) | |
Median (range) | 76 (42–95) |
Gender | |
Male | 68 (69.4%) |
Female | 30 (30.6%) |
Performance status | |
0 | 76 (77.6%) |
1 | 22 (22.4%) |
Operable or inoperable | |
Operable | 46 (46.9%) |
Inoperable | 52 (53.1%) |
Follow-up time (months) | |
Median (range) | 53 (5–79) |
Tumor location | |
Right upper lobe | 28 (28.6%) |
Right middle lobe | 6 (6.1%) |
Right lower lobe | 27 (27.6%) |
Left upper lobe | 23 (23.5%) |
Left lower lobe | 14 (14.3%) |
Histopathology | |
Adenocarcinoma | 31 (31.6%) |
Squamous cell carcinoma | 13 (13.3%) |
Non-small cell lung cancer | 1 (1.0%) |
Clinical lung cancer | 46 (46.9%) |
Metastasis from lung cancer | 7 (7.1%) |
Interstitial pneumonitis | |
Yes | 15 (15.3%) |
No | 83 (84.7%) |
Diameter of lung tumor (mm) | |
Median (range) | 23.0 (7.5–49.0) |
Volume of clinical target volume (ml) | |
Median (range) | 32.3 (7.9–137.5) |
Parameter | Grade1 (mean ± SD) | Grade2/3 (mean ± SD) | p |
---|---|---|---|
V5 | 8.7 ± 3.3% | 13.6 ± 1.7% | 0.006 * |
V10 | 7.4 ± 3.1% | 11.9 ± 1.7% | 0.007 * |
V15 | 5.7 ± 2.6% | 8.9 ± 1.1% | 0.009 * |
V20 | 5.0 ± 2.3% | 7.8 ± 0.8% | 0.011 * |
V25 | 4.2 ± 2.1% | 6.3 ± 1.3% | 0.028 * |
V30 | 3.6 ± 1.8% | 5.2 ± 1.3% | 0.047 * |
MLD | 2.5 ± 1.1 Gy (RBE) | 3.8 ± 0.6 Gy (RBE) | 0.014 * |
Parameter | Comparison | Number of Patients | Ratio of Grade 2–3 RP | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
V5 | ≤11.0% | 70 | 0 | 0.006 * |
>11.0% | 28 | 14% | ||
V10 | ≤9.4% | 71 | 0 | 0.005 * |
>9.4% | 27 | 15% | ||
V15 | ≤7.8% | 74 | 0 | 0.003 * |
>7.8% | 24 | 17% | ||
V20 | ≤6.8% | 74 | 0 | 0.003 * |
>6.8% | 24 | 17% | ||
V25 | ≤4.5% | 61 | 0 | 0.018 * |
>4.5% | 37 | 11% | ||
V30 | ≤3.5% | 58 | 0 | 0.025 * |
>3.5% | 40 | 10% | ||
MLD | ≤3.0 Gy (RBE) | 67 | 0 | 0.009 * |
>3.0 Gy (RBE) | 31 | 13% |
Parameter | Grade1 (Mean ± SD) | Grade2/3 (Mean ± SD) | p |
---|---|---|---|
%FEV 1.0 | 80.6 ± 20.5% | 70.7 ± 23.7% | 0.332 |
%VC | 97.1 ± 18.9% | 86.8 ± 23.9% | 0.389 |
KL-6 | 329.9 ± 236.0 U/mL | 495.4 ± 319.6 U/mL | 0.250 |
SP-D | 80.9 ± 75.9 ng/mL | 220.1 ± 242.7 ng/mL | 0.026 * |
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Ono, T.; Yamamoto, N.; Nomoto, A.; Nakajima, M.; Iwai, Y.; Isozaki, Y.; Kasuya, G.; Ishikawa, H.; Nemoto, K.; Tsuji, H. The Risk Factors for Radiation Pneumonitis after Single-Fraction Carbon-Ion Radiotherapy for Lung Cancer or Metastasis. Cancers 2021, 13, 3229. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13133229
Ono T, Yamamoto N, Nomoto A, Nakajima M, Iwai Y, Isozaki Y, Kasuya G, Ishikawa H, Nemoto K, Tsuji H. The Risk Factors for Radiation Pneumonitis after Single-Fraction Carbon-Ion Radiotherapy for Lung Cancer or Metastasis. Cancers. 2021; 13(13):3229. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13133229
Chicago/Turabian StyleOno, Takashi, Naoyoshi Yamamoto, Akihiro Nomoto, Mio Nakajima, Yuma Iwai, Yuka Isozaki, Goro Kasuya, Hitoshi Ishikawa, Kenji Nemoto, and Hiroshi Tsuji. 2021. "The Risk Factors for Radiation Pneumonitis after Single-Fraction Carbon-Ion Radiotherapy for Lung Cancer or Metastasis" Cancers 13, no. 13: 3229. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13133229