Phosphorous Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Molecular Markers in IDH1 Wild Type Glioblastoma
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
- infrequent isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-mutant GBM, which is actually secondary in nature [3]–derived from a lower grade glioma (<10% of cases),
- IDH1-wild type (IDHwt) or primary GBM, and
- GBM-not otherwise specified (GBM NOS).
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Patients
2.2. MRI Acquisition
2.3. Image Analysis
2.4. Neuropathological Assessment
2.5. Statistical Analysis
2.6. Ethics Statement
3. Results
3.1. Patient Characteristics
3.2. Descriptive Statistics Regarding Molecular Markers
3.3. Survival Analysis
3.4. 31-P-MRS Metabolites and Pathology Data Correlation
3.5. Group Comparison
3.5.1. Intracellular pH
3.5.2. Cerebral Magnesium Levels
3.5.3. PCr/ATP Ratio
3.5.4. Pi/ATP Ratio
3.5.5. PCr/Pi Ratio
3.5.6. PME/PDE Ratio
4. Discussion
5. Limitations of the Study
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Total patients with GBM | 52 |
Males | 34 (65.4%) |
Females | 18 (34.6%) |
Age (in years) at the time of diagnosis | |
Median age | 67 |
Range | 27–84 |
Final study numbers | n |
GBM excluded due to the IDH1 positivity | 4 |
GBM excluded due to the bad quality of 31-P-MRS spectrum | 5 |
Total IDH1-wildtype GBM patients included in the study | 43 |
Amplified | Not amplified | Not available | |
EGFR | 31 (72.09%) | 12 (27.9%) | 0 (0%) |
Unmethylated | Methylated | Not available | |
MGMT | 24 (55.8%) | 18 (41.8%) | 1 (2.3%) |
MGMT unmethylated, EGFR amplified | 17 (40.4%) | ||
MGMT methylated, EGFR amplified | 13 (30.9%) | ||
MGMT unmethylated, EGFR not amplified | 7 (16.6%) | ||
MGMT methylated, EGFR not amplified | 5 (11.9%) |
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Galijašević, M.; Steiger, R.; Radović, I.; Birkl-Toeglhofer, A.M.; Birkl, C.; Deeg, L.; Mangesius, S.; Rietzler, A.; Regodić, M.; Stockhammer, G.; et al. Phosphorous Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Molecular Markers in IDH1 Wild Type Glioblastoma. Cancers 2021, 13, 3569. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13143569
Galijašević M, Steiger R, Radović I, Birkl-Toeglhofer AM, Birkl C, Deeg L, Mangesius S, Rietzler A, Regodić M, Stockhammer G, et al. Phosphorous Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Molecular Markers in IDH1 Wild Type Glioblastoma. Cancers. 2021; 13(14):3569. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13143569
Chicago/Turabian StyleGalijašević, Malik, Ruth Steiger, Ivan Radović, Anna Maria Birkl-Toeglhofer, Christoph Birkl, Lukas Deeg, Stephanie Mangesius, Andreas Rietzler, Milovan Regodić, Guenther Stockhammer, and et al. 2021. "Phosphorous Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Molecular Markers in IDH1 Wild Type Glioblastoma" Cancers 13, no. 14: 3569. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13143569