The Microbiome as a Potential Target for Therapeutic Manipulation in Pancreatic Cancer
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Therapeutic Challenges in Treating Patients with Pancreatic Cancer
2.1. Surgery and Chemotherapy in Patients with Pancreas Cancer
2.2. Immunotherapy Use in Pancreatic Cancer and the Associated Challenges
3. What Is Microbiome?
4. The Microbiome and Its Relation to Anatomical Site
4.1. Oral Microbiome and Its Potential Association with PDAC
4.2. Gut Microbiome and Its Potential Association with PDAC
4.3. Intratumoral Microbiome and Its Potential Association with PDAC
5. Potential Mechanism of Microbiota in Carcinogenesis
5.1. Inflammation
5.2. Modulation of the Immune System
5.3. Microbial Metabolite and the Regulation of Metabolism
6. Potential Novel Treatment Approaches for Patients with Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
6.1. Antibiotic Use and its Association with PDAC
6.2. Probiotic Use and its Association with PDAC
6.3. Prebiotic Use and its Association with PDAC
6.4. Synbiotics and Postbiotics
6.5. Faecal Microbiota Transplantation
7. The Wider Implications of the Microbiome in PDAC
7.1. Cancer Prevention, including PDAC
7.2. The Microbiome and its Potential to Potentiate Efficacy of Anti-Cancer Therapy
7.3. Alleviating Treatment Side Effects Using the Microbiome
7.4. The Microbiome as a Biomarker in PDAC
8. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Study | Title | Study Design | Patients (n) | Aim | Study Status | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NCT03302637 | Oral Microbiome and Pancreatic Cancer | A prospective, observational, case-control study | 732 | To examine the relationship of the oral and pancreatic microbiome and their association with pancreatic cancer risk. | Completed | [159] |
NCT04274972 | The Microbiome of Pancreatic Cancer: “PANDEMIC” Study | A prospective, observational, cohort study | 20 | To outline the pancreatic microbiome of patients with resectable PDAC undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy and characterise the association between microbiome and post-operative complications. | Recruiting | [160] |
NCT04189393 | Microbiome Analysis in Oesophageal, Pancreatic and Colorectal Cancer Patients Undergoing Gastrointestinal Surgery (MA-PPING) | A prospective, observational, cohort study | 60 | The study aims to map the oral and gut microbiome of patients diagnosed with pancreatic, oesophageal or colorectal cancer during their surgical patient journey from the moment of diagnosis until full recovery (three months after surgery). | Active, not recruiting | [161] |
NCT03840460 | A Prospective Translational Tissue Collection Study in Early and Advanced Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma and Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumours to Enable Further Disease Characterisation and the Development of Potential Predictive and Prognostic Biomarkers (PaC-Man) | A prospective observational cohort study | 200 | This project studies the molecular makeup of pancreatic lesions and their microenvironment at various stages (from pre-cancerous lesions through to more advanced disease) to identify the molecular subtypes, biomarkers of response and toxicity and to investigate the particular intra-pancreatic colonising microorganisms. | Recruiting | [162] |
NCT04193904 | A Study of Live Biotherapeutic Product MRx0518 With Hypofractionated Radiation Therapy in Resectable Pancreatic Cancer | An interventional open-label phase I study | 15 | A study to evaluate the safety and preliminary efficacy of MRx0518 with preoperative hypofractionated radiation in 15 patients with resectable pancreatic cancer. | Recruiting | [163] |
NCT04600154 | MS-20 on Gut Microbiota and Risk/Severity of Cachexia in Pancreatic Cancer Patients | An interventional, randomised study | 40 | To analyse MS-20 effects on gut microbiota and risk/severity of cachexia in pancreatic cancer patients with a combination of chemotherapy and MS-20. | Active, recruiting | [164] |
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Abdul Rahman, R.; Lamarca, A.; Hubner, R.A.; Valle, J.W.; McNamara, M.G. The Microbiome as a Potential Target for Therapeutic Manipulation in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers 2021, 13, 3779. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13153779
Abdul Rahman R, Lamarca A, Hubner RA, Valle JW, McNamara MG. The Microbiome as a Potential Target for Therapeutic Manipulation in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers. 2021; 13(15):3779. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13153779
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbdul Rahman, Rozana, Angela Lamarca, Richard A. Hubner, Juan W. Valle, and Mairéad G. McNamara. 2021. "The Microbiome as a Potential Target for Therapeutic Manipulation in Pancreatic Cancer" Cancers 13, no. 15: 3779. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13153779