Adipocytes Promote Breast Cancer Cell Survival and Migration through Autophagy Activation
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Cells and Chemicals
2.2. Differentiation of OP9 and Production of Conditioned Medium
2.3. Co-Culture System
2.4. Oil Red O Staining
2.5. RNA Extraction, RNA Sequencing and RT-qPCR
2.6. Western Blot
2.7. siRNA and Plasmid Transfections
2.8. Intracellular Degradation
2.9. Lysosome pH and LAMP1 Staining
2.10. Oxygen Consumption Measurement
2.11. Lipid Analysis Using High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) and Gas Chromatography (GC)
2.12. Viability Assays
2.13. Migration and Invasion Assays
2.14. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Co-Culture Model for Adipocyte and Breast Cancer Cell Interactions
3.2. Adipocytes Activate Autophagy in Breast Cancer Cells
3.3. Role of Fatty Acids in the Promotion of Autophagy by Adipocytes
3.4. AA Prevents Autophagy Activation by Adipocytes
3.5. Autophagy Induction by Adipocytes Promotes Cancer Cell Survival and Migration
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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4t1 Control | 4t1 Condi | MCF7 Control | MCF7 Condi | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Saturated | |||||
Myristic Acid | 14:0 | 2.34[2.03–3.44] | 2.5[2.17–3.05] | 2.92[2.24–3.39] | 3.15[2.62–3.46] |
Pentadecanoic Acid | 15:0 | 0.33[0.27–0.53] | 0.23[0.18–0.32] | 0.27[0.1–0.32] | 0.23[0.17–0.27] |
Palmitic Acid | 16:0 | 18.49[15.61–21.84] | 18.95[15.54–20.18] | 18.17[17.45–20.57] | 17.96[17.05–20.42] |
Margaric Acid | 17:0 | 0.42[0.3–0.54] | 0.28[0.14–0.45] | 0.25[0.18–0.4] | 0.2[0.11–0.37] |
Stearic Acid | 18:0 | 12.27[11.31–12.91] | 12.35[11.24–12.81] | 8.88[8.31–11.15] | 8.69[7.81–9.98] |
Arachidic Acid | 20:0 | 0.25[0.14–0.5] | 0.27[0.19–0.48] | 0.22[0.11–0.31] | 0.22[0.19–0.26] |
Behenic Acid | 22:0 | 0.52[0.23–0.64] | 0.55[0.38–1.58] | 0.41[0.1–0.78] | 0.38[0.14–0.5] |
Tricosanoic Acid | 23:0 | 0.28[0.13–0.47] | 0.2[0.02–0.41] | 0.09[0.04–0.2] | 0.1[0.02–0.22] |
Lignoceric Acid | 24:0 | 0.43[0.09–0.8] | 0.38[0.2–0.81] | 0.57[0.2–0.85] | 0.31[0.24–0.52] |
Total SFA | 35.27[39.84–31.85] | 35.85[38.34–31.74] | 32.11[35.82–30.65] | 31.11[34.48–30.22] | |
Monounsaturated | |||||
Myristoleic Acid | 14:1 | 0.03[0.01–0.04] | 0.03[0.02–0.06] | 0.06[0.04–0.25] | 0.09[0.04–0.2] |
Pentadecenoic Acid | 15:1 | 0.3[0.06–0.51] | 0.21[0.05–0.29] | 0.18[0.02–0.26] | 0.3[0.02–0.4] |
cis-7-Hexadecenoic Acid | 16:1n-9 | 2.43[2.14–3.05] | 2.65[2.39–3.38] | 1.06[0.91–5.48] | 0.99[0.85–5.86] |
Palmitoleic Acid | 16:1n-7 | 4.12[2.8–5.19] | 5.12[4.37–7.15] | 12.65[7.33–15.16] | 14.04[6.99–14.83] |
Heptadecenoic Acid | 17:1 | 0.41[0.08–0.53] | 0.29[0.07–0.4] | 0.5[0.42–0.61] | 0.48[0.34–0.52] |
Oleic Acid | 18:1 | 26.57[24.78–28.44] | 23.89[20.43–31.5] | 36.2[28.64–38.86] | 37.62[35.63–39.86] |
Gondoic Acid | 20:1 | 0.89[0.54–1.26] | 0.88[0.56–1.43] | 0.4[0.31–0.7] | 0.62[0.53–0.78] |
Erucic Acid | 22:1 | 0.29[0.13–0.45] | 0.3[0.13–0.84] | 0.26[0.12–0.41] | 0.19[0.12–0.5] |
Nervonic Acid | 24:1 | 0.92[0.63–1.01] | 0.64[0.16–1.18] | 0.12[0.41–0.55] | 0.12[0.5–0.57] |
Total MUFA | 33.19[38.23–30.81] | 31.15[42.48–28.11] | 51.45[56.95–43.21] | 55.26[56.59–52.06] *** | |
Polyunsaturated | |||||
Linoleic Acid | 18:2n-6 | 1.53[1.17–1.86] | 1.09[0.88–1.51] ** | 1.51[1.1–1.8] | 1.11[0.89–2.03] |
Gamma Linolenic Acid | 18:3n-6 | 0.1[0.03–0.2] | 0.08[0.02–0.13] | 0.04[0.02–0.07] | 0.06[0.04–0.11] |
Eicosadienoic Acid | 20:2n-6 | 2.28[1.72–3.33] | 2.24[1.77–3.26] | 0.82[0.31–1.2] | 0.7[0.34–1.16] |
Dihomo-γ-linolenic Acid | 20:3n-6 | 0.96[0.91–1.17] | 0.81[0.67–0.91] | 0.23[0.09–0.26] | 0.16[0.06–0.25] |
Arachidonic Acid | 20:4n-6 | 3.8[3.24–4.09] | 2.93[2.62–3.38] *** | 2.04[1.41–2.66] | 1.63[1.28–2.23] ** |
Docosadienoic Acid | 22:2n-6 | 0.11[0.02–0.32] | 0.14[0.02–0.18] | 0.11[0.01–0.38] | 0.09[0.04–0.21] |
Docosatetraenoic Acid | 22:4n-6 | 0.17[0.08–0.51] | 0.08[0.05–0.4] | 0.08[0.03–0.23] | 0.06[0.03–0.11] |
Total n-6 PUFA | 9.12[10.11–8.19] | 7.64[8.46–6.42] | 4.67[5.74–4.01] | 4.25[4.76–3.41] | |
Alpha linolenic Acid | 18:3n-3 | 0.09[0.05–0.28] | 0.06[0.05–0.17] | 0.05[0.03–0.11] | 0.06[0.02–0.12] |
Eicosatrienoic Acid | 20:3n-3 | 0.1[0.03–0.13] | 0.09[0.04–0.15] | 0.04[0.01–0.09] | 0.03[0.02–0.06] |
Eicosapentaenoic Acid | 20:5n-3 | 1.08[0.61–1.97] | 0.99[0.65–1.6] | 0.36[0.21–0.77] | 0.23[0.11–0.4] |
Docosapentaenoic Acid | 22:5n-3 | 3.38[1.89–3.79] | 2.24[1.73–3.18] *** | 0.8[0.27–1.25] | 0.53[0.27–0.93] ** |
Docosahexaenoic Acid | 22:6n-3 | 3.11[2.1–3.98] | 2.41[1.89–2.97] *** | 1.64[1.18–2.23] | 1.38[1.08–1.89] * |
Total n-3 PUFA | 7.77[10.13–4.68] | 5.91[7.69–4.98] | 3.01[4.07–2.12] | 2.18[3.16–1.53] |
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Bellanger, D.; Dziagwa, C.; Guimaraes, C.; Pinault, M.; Dumas, J.-F.; Brisson, L. Adipocytes Promote Breast Cancer Cell Survival and Migration through Autophagy Activation. Cancers 2021, 13, 3917. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13153917
Bellanger D, Dziagwa C, Guimaraes C, Pinault M, Dumas J-F, Brisson L. Adipocytes Promote Breast Cancer Cell Survival and Migration through Autophagy Activation. Cancers. 2021; 13(15):3917. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13153917
Chicago/Turabian StyleBellanger, Dorine, Cléa Dziagwa, Cyrille Guimaraes, Michelle Pinault, Jean-François Dumas, and Lucie Brisson. 2021. "Adipocytes Promote Breast Cancer Cell Survival and Migration through Autophagy Activation" Cancers 13, no. 15: 3917. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13153917