Cancer Cell Fusion and Post-Hybrid Selection Process (PHSP)
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Cancer-Cell Fusion and Genomic Instability
2.1. Frequencies of Cell–Cell Fusion within the Tumor Tissue in Animal Studies and in Humans
2.2. Fusogens and Cellular Processes Contributing to Tumor Hybridizations
2.3. Aneuploidy and Clonal Convergence during the PHSP
3. Therapeutic and Clinical Consequences of Cancer-Cell Fusion
3.1. Therapy-Induced Polyploidization
3.2. Altered Tumor Functions with Cancer Stem/Initiating Cell-like Properties
3.3. Altered Therapeutic Responsiveness of Cancer Hybrid Cells
4. Perspectives of Cancer-Cell Fusion—Early Detection of Potential Fusion Markers
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
BMT | bone marrow transplantation |
CS/IC | cancer stem/initiating cell |
EMT | epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition |
HGT/LGT | horizontal gene transfer/lateral gene transfer |
HST | heterokaryon-to-synkaryon transition |
MSC | mesenchymal stroma-/stem-like cells |
PHPP | pre-hybrid preparation process |
PHSP | post-hybrid selection process |
PR | ploidy reductions |
PGCCs | polyploid giant cancer cells |
TNF-α | tumor necrosis factor-α |
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Hass, R.; von der Ohe, J.; Dittmar, T. Cancer Cell Fusion and Post-Hybrid Selection Process (PHSP). Cancers 2021, 13, 4636. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13184636
Hass R, von der Ohe J, Dittmar T. Cancer Cell Fusion and Post-Hybrid Selection Process (PHSP). Cancers. 2021; 13(18):4636. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13184636
Chicago/Turabian StyleHass, Ralf, Juliane von der Ohe, and Thomas Dittmar. 2021. "Cancer Cell Fusion and Post-Hybrid Selection Process (PHSP)" Cancers 13, no. 18: 4636. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13184636