Biomarker Expression in Multifocal Vulvar High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Patients and Samples
2.2. Processing of Tissue Blocks
2.3. Histopathology and Immunohistochemistry of p16INK4a and Ki-67
2.4. DNA Isolation
2.5. DNA Methylation Analysis
2.6. Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Testing and Genotyping
3. Results
3.1. Baseline Characteristics
3.2. Biomarker Expression
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Baseline | Follow-Up | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Patient | Age (years) | Other Anogenital Conditions | Smoking | Immuno-Compromised | Number | Aspect | Topography | Type of Biopsy | Primary Treatment | Time to Last HSIL Diagnosis (years) | VSCC During Follow-Up | Time to VSCC (years) | Topography VSCC |
1 | 42 | AIN3, condylomata acuminata | Unknown | Unknown | 2 | Not specified | Perineum, lab maj R | Diagnostic | Skinning vulvectomy | * | No | NA | NA |
2 | 24 | None | Yes | No | 4 | Hyperpigmentation, maculopapulous | Lab maj R and L, lab min R and L | Diagnostic | Skinning vulvectomy | 0.8 | No | NA | NA |
3 | 44 | AIN2 | Yes | No | 2 | Leukoplakia | Lab min R and L | Diagnostic | Local excision | 18.5 | No | NA | NA |
4 | 37 | CIN3 | Yes | No | 2 | Not specified | 6 and 9 o’clock | Diagnostic | Laser evaporatisation | 16.7 | No | NA | NA |
5 | 58 | AIN3, CIN3 | Unknown | No | 2 | Hyperpigmentation, condylomatous brown | Lab min R and L | Diagnostic | None | 0.5 | No | NA | NA |
6 | 38 | None | Yes | No | 2 | Not specified | Perineum, lab maj/min R | Therapeutic | Local excision | 20.2 | No | NA | NA |
7 | 45 | CIN3, condylomata acuminata | Yes | No | 2 | Hyperpigmentation | Commisura posterior, perianal | Therapeutic | Local excision | 14.8 | Yes | 9.2 | Perianal |
8 | 31 | CIN2, VAIN2, condylomata accuminata | Yes | Yes | 2 | Not specified | Lab maj/min L, lab min R | Diagnostic | Local excision | * | No | NA | NA |
9 | 44 | None | Unknown | Unknown | 2 | Hypertrophic dystrophic | Lab maj R and L | Diagnostic | Local excision | 3.1 | No | NA | NA |
10 | 49 | CIN3 | Yes | No | 3 | Papillomatous, erosive, varyingly pigmented | Perineum, lab maj/min L, lab min R | Diagnostic | Skinning vulvectomy | 19.1 | Yes | 9.3 | Perianal |
11 | 38 | Unknown | Unknown | Yes | 2 | Not specified | Lab min R, commissura posterior | Therapeutic | Local excision | 11.4 | Yes | 5.9 | Anterior L |
12 | 28 | CIN2, condylomata acuminata | Yes | No | 2 | Hyperpigmentation, condylomatous brown | Lab maj/min L, clitoris | Therapeutic | Skinning vulvectomy | 16.1 | Yes | 11.4 | Posterior L |
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Thuijs, N.B.; Schonck, W.A.M.; Klaver, L.L.J.; Fons, G.; van Beurden, M.; Steenbergen, R.D.M.; Bleeker, M.C.G. Biomarker Expression in Multifocal Vulvar High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions. Cancers 2021, 13, 5646. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13225646
Thuijs NB, Schonck WAM, Klaver LLJ, Fons G, van Beurden M, Steenbergen RDM, Bleeker MCG. Biomarker Expression in Multifocal Vulvar High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions. Cancers. 2021; 13(22):5646. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13225646
Chicago/Turabian StyleThuijs, Nikki B., Willemijn A. M. Schonck, Linde L. J. Klaver, Guus Fons, Marc van Beurden, Renske D. M. Steenbergen, and Maaike C. G. Bleeker. 2021. "Biomarker Expression in Multifocal Vulvar High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions" Cancers 13, no. 22: 5646. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13225646