Expression and Impact of C1GalT1 in Cancer Development and Progression
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. C1galt1 Is Overexpressed in Many Epithelial Cancers and Is Associated with Poorer Prognosis and Poorer Patient Survival
2.1. Possible Mechanisms of C1GalT1 Overexpression in Cancer
2.2. C1GalT Overexpression Increases the Occurrence of TF Antigen on Cancer Cell Surface
2.3. Change of C1GalT1 Expression Alters Glycosylation of Cell Membrane Mucin Proteins and Their Interaction with Partner Molecules
2.4. Change of C1GalT1 Expression Alters the Glycosylation and Function of Receptor Tyrosine Kinases
2.5. Change of C1GalT1 Expression Alters the Glycosylation and Function of Cell Surface Integrins
2.6. C1GalT1 Activity Regulates the Glycosylation and Function of Cell Surface Death Receptors
3. Conclusions Remarks
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
C1GalT1 | Core-1 β1:3galactosyltransferase |
CBR | COSMC-binding region |
ECM | extracellular matrix |
EGFR | Epidermal growth factor receptor |
ER | Endoplasmic reticulum |
FGFR2 | Fibroblast growth factor receptor-2 |
Gal | galactose |
GalNAc | N-acetyl-galactosamine |
GALNT | N-acetyl-galactosaminyltransferase |
HER2 | human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 |
HGFR | hepatocyte growth factor receptor |
HNSCC | head and neck squamous cell carcinoma |
PDAC | pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma |
RTK | receptor tyrosine kinase |
STn | sialyl-GalNAcα-Ser/Thr |
TF | Galβ1,3GalNAcα-ser/Thr (Thomsen–Friedenreich antigen) |
Tn | GalNAcα-Ser/Thr |
TRAIL | tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand |
VEGFR2 | Vascular endothelial growth factor-2 |
VVA | Vicia Villosa lectin |
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Cancer Type | C1GalT1 Expression | Effects on Cancer Cell Behaviors | Effects on Cell Signaling | Patient Survival | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Colon | Increased | proliferation↑; migration↑; invasion↑; sphere formation↑ | EGF-ERK; FGFR2; PI3K-Akt | lower | [24,25] |
Breast | Increased | viability↑; proliferation↑; migration↑; invasion↑ | CD44 inducing ERK-MAPK, p38/SAPKs, JNK; | lower | [26,27] |
Pancreatic | Increased | viability↑; migration↑; invasion↑; | Integrin α5-FAk; Integrin αV-FAk Nucleoin, Grp-78, α-enolase; annexin A2; MUC16 inducing p-EGFR, α4 integrin and p-HER2 | lower | [31] |
Decreased | migration↓; proliferation↓ | [40,41] | |||
Hepatocellular | Increased | adhesion↑; migration↑; invasion↑ | HCF/MET; β1 integrin-FAK | lower | [35,38] |
Gastric | Increased | viability↑; proliferation↑; migration↑; invasion↑ | ephrinA1-EphA2 Integrin α5-FAk; PI3K-AKt | lower | [28,29] |
Head and neck | Increased | viability↑; migration↑; invasion↑ | EGF-EGFR | lower | [30] |
Oesophageal | Increased | radiotherapy resistance↑ | β1 integrin-FAk | lower, and increased resistance to radiotherapy | [32] |
Laryngeal | Increased | radiotherapy resistance↑ | β1 integrin-FAk | lower, and increased resistance to radiotherapy | [36] |
Lung | Increased | proliferation↑; migration↑; colony formation↑ | Neutrophil Elastase (NE) via MUC5AC; PI3K, EGFR, Ras, p85; RAC1 | lower | [23,42] |
Prostate | Increased | colony formation↑; sphere formation↑; proliferation↑ | Co-effect with galectin-4 to HER2 | lower | [33] |
Ovarian | Increased | proliferation↑; migration↑; sphere formation↑ | CD133, CD24, Oct4, Nanog and SNAI2 | lower | [34] |
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Wan, Y.; Yu, L.-G. Expression and Impact of C1GalT1 in Cancer Development and Progression. Cancers 2021, 13, 6305. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13246305
Wan Y, Yu L-G. Expression and Impact of C1GalT1 in Cancer Development and Progression. Cancers. 2021; 13(24):6305. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13246305
Chicago/Turabian StyleWan, Yangu, and Lu-Gang Yu. 2021. "Expression and Impact of C1GalT1 in Cancer Development and Progression" Cancers 13, no. 24: 6305. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13246305