miR-21 Plays a Dual Role in Tumor Formation and Cytotoxic Response in Breast Tumors
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Cell Culture
2.2. Transfection and Cell Viability Assays
2.3. Treatment for Autophagy Determination
2.4. Mouse Models
2.4.1. Breast Cancer Metastases Murine Model
2.4.2. MMTV-PyMT Orthotopic Mouse Model
2.4.3. MMTV-PyMT Genetically Engineered Mouse Model
2.5. Human Sera
2.6. Irradiation and Chemotherapeutic Treatments
2.7. Genotyping PCR, RNA Isolation and qRT-PCR
2.8. Hematoxylin Eosin Staining
2.8.1. cDNA Profiling
2.8.2. Tissue Lysis, Western Blotting and Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. miR-21 Expression Plays a Critical Role in Breast Cancer Growth, Metastases and Treatment
3.2. Loss of miR-21 Protects Mice from Breast Cancer Initiation: Orthotopic Model
3.3. Loss of miR-21 Delays Tumor Growth and Reduces Metastases: Genetically Engineered Model
3.4. Radiation Increases Apoptosis in MMTV-PyMT Tumors Lacking miR-21
3.5. The Inhibition of miR-21 Sensitizes Breast Cancer Cells to Cytotoxic Therapies
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Dan, T.; Shastri, A.A.; Palagani, A.; Buraschi, S.; Neill, T.; Savage, J.E.; Kapoor, A.; DeAngelis, T.; Addya, S.; Camphausen, K.; et al. miR-21 Plays a Dual Role in Tumor Formation and Cytotoxic Response in Breast Tumors. Cancers 2021, 13, 888. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13040888
Dan T, Shastri AA, Palagani A, Buraschi S, Neill T, Savage JE, Kapoor A, DeAngelis T, Addya S, Camphausen K, et al. miR-21 Plays a Dual Role in Tumor Formation and Cytotoxic Response in Breast Tumors. Cancers. 2021; 13(4):888. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13040888
Chicago/Turabian StyleDan, Tu, Anuradha A. Shastri, Ajay Palagani, Simone Buraschi, Thomas Neill, Jason E. Savage, Aastha Kapoor, Tiziana DeAngelis, Sankar Addya, Kevin Camphausen, and et al. 2021. "miR-21 Plays a Dual Role in Tumor Formation and Cytotoxic Response in Breast Tumors" Cancers 13, no. 4: 888. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13040888