Surgical Tolerability and Frailty in Elderly Patients Undergoing Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy: A Narrative Review
Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
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Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Cancers 2022, 14(20), 5061; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14205061
Submission received: 11 September 2022
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Revised: 8 October 2022
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Accepted: 14 October 2022
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Published: 16 October 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cancer Minimally Invasive Surgery)
Simple Summary
Life expectancy in Western countries and East Asian countries has incremented over the past decades, resulting in a rapidly aging world, while in general, radical prostatectomy (RP) is not recommended in elderly men aged ≥75 years. Together with the evolving technique of robotic surgeries, surgical indications for RP should be reconsidered in ‘elderly’ and ‘frail’ men, since this procedure has now become one of the safest and most effective cancer treatments for prostate cancer. One important element to determine surgical indications is surgical tolerability. However, evidence is scarce regarding the surgical tolerability in elderly men undergoing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). In this review, we focused on the surgical tolerability in ‘elderly’ and/or ‘frail’ men undergoing RARP, with the intent to provide up-to-date information on this matter and to support the decision making of therapeutic options in this spectrum of patients.
Abstract
Robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) has now become the gold standard treatment for localized prostate cancer. There are multiple elements in decision making for the treatment of prostate cancer. One of the important elements is life expectancy, which the current guidelines recommend as an indicator for choosing treatment options. However, determination of life expectancy can be complicated and difficult in some cases. In addition, surgical tolerability is also an important issue. Since frailty may be a major concern, it may be logical to use geriatric assessment tools to discriminate ‘surgically fit’ patients from unfit patients. Landmark studies show two valid models such as the phenotype model and the cumulative deficit model that allow for the diagnosis of frailty. Many studies have also developed geriatric screening tools such as VES-13 and G8. These tools may have the potential to directly sort out unfit patients for surgery preoperatively.
