MR Fingerprinting—A Radiogenomic Marker for Diffuse Gliomas
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. MR Fingerprinting Protocol
2.2. Co-Registration
2.3. Region-of-Interest (ROI) Evaluation
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. IDH-Mutant versus IDH-Wildtype
3.2. Low Grade Gliomas (LGG) versus High Grade Gliomas (HGG)
3.3. IDH Mutational Status within Different Tumor Grades
3.4. MGMT Methylation Status
3.5. Solid Tumor—NAWM
3.6. Solid Tumor—Peritumoral Edema
3.7. Contrast-Enhancing and Hyperperfused versus Non-Contrast-Enhancing and Non-Hyperperfused Solid Tumor in IDH-Wildtype Gliomas
3.8. Correlation between MRF and Other Advanced MR Methods
3.9. Comparison between MRF and Conventional T1 and T2 Mapping
4. Discussion
Limitations of the Study
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Neuropathological Tumor Type (WHO 2016) | Neuropathological Tumor Grade (WHO 2016) | MGMPR Promoter Methylation Status | Age | Gender |
---|---|---|---|---|
Diffuse astrocytoma, IDH-mutant | WHO grade II | Methylated | 23 | M |
Diffuse astrocytoma, IDH-mutant | WHO grade II | Methylated | 33 | M |
Diffuse astrocytoma, IDH-mutant | WHO grade II | Unmethylated | 54 | F |
Diffuse astrocytoma, IDH-mutant | WHO grade II | Methylated | 77 | F |
Diffuse astrocytoma, IDH-mutant | WHO grade II | Methylated | 46 | F |
Diffuse astrocytoma, IDH-mutant | WHO grade II | Unmethylated | 57 | M |
Diffuse astrocytoma, IDH-wildtype | WHO grade II | Unmethylated | 27 | M |
Anaplastic astrocytoma, IDH-mutant | WHO grade III | Unmethylated | 59 | M |
Anaplastic astrocytoma, IDH-mutant | WHO grade III | Methylated | 29 | M |
Anaplastic astrocytoma, IDH-mutant | WHO grade III | Methylated | 28 | F |
Anaplastic astrocytoma, IDH-wildtype | WHO grade III | Unmethylated | 65 | F |
Glioblastoma, IDH-mutant | WHO grade IV | Methylated | 45 | F |
Glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype | WHO grade IV | Unmethylated | 47 | F |
Glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype | WHO grade IV | Unmethylated | 58 | M |
Glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype | WHO grade IV | Unmethylated | 59 | F |
Glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype | WHO grade IV | Methylated | 52 | M |
Glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype | WHO grade IV | Unmethylated | 59 | M |
Glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype | WHO grade IV | Methylated | 71 | M |
Glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype | WHO grade IV | Methylated | 61 | M |
Glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype | WHO grade IV | Methylated | 62 | M |
Oligoendroglioma, IDH-mutant and 1p/19q-codeleted | WHO grade II | Methylated | 52 | M |
Oligoendroglioma, IDH-mutant and 1p/19q-codeleted | WHO grade II | Methylated | 38 | F |
Oligoendroglioma, IDH-mutant and 1p/19q-codeleted | WHO grade II | Methylated | 61 | M |
Anaplastic oligodendroglioma, IDH-mutant and 1p/19q-codeleted | WHO grade III | Methylated | 51 | M |
Examination Parameters | 2D ax T2 FLAIR | 2D T2 ax | DWI ax | 3D SWI ax | 3D T1 ax pre | 2D T2 cor | PWI ax | 3D T1 ax Post | 3D FLAIR |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TSE + IR | TSE | EPI-SE | GRE | MPRAGE | TSE | SS-EPI | MPRAGE | TSE + IR | |
Voxel dimensions | 0.9 × 0.9 | 0.8 × 0.6 | 1.8 × 1.8 | 0.9 × 0.9 | 1 × 1 | 0.4 × 0.4 | 1.8 × 1.8 | 1 × 1 | 1 × 1 |
Matrix size | 256 × 256 | 250 × 384 | 128 × 128 | 256 × 192 | 256 × 256 | 531 × 640 | 128 × 128 | 256 × 256 | 256 × 256 |
No. slices | 36 | 40 | 30 | 80 | 192 | 56 | 19 | 192 | 176 |
Field of view [mm2] | 230 | 210 | 230 | 230 | 220 | 230 | 230 | 220 | 250 |
Slice thickness, mm | 4 | 3 | 5 | 1.75 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 1 | 0.9 |
TE [ms] | 100 | 88 | 78 | 20 | 3.79 | 115 | 32 | 3.79 | 393 |
TI [ms] | 2500 | - | - | - | 1100 | - | - | - | 2050 |
TR [ms] | 9220 | 3490 | 4000 | 28 | 1800 | 4290 | 1400 | 1800 | 7000 |
TA, [min:s] | 4:38 | 1:25 | 1:38 | 3:52 | 5:44 | 3:40 | 1:17 | 5:44 | 3:39 |
GRAPPA factor | - | - | 2 | 2 | - | 2 | 2 | - | - |
BW/pixel, [Hz/pixel] | 170 | 199 | 1502 | 120 | 200 | 176 | 1346 | 200 | 651 |
FA [°] | 150 | 120 | - | 15 | 12 | 120 | 90 | 12 | T2var |
Fat saturation | yes | No | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | No | Yes |
Examination Parameters | 2D ax T2 FLAIR | 2D T2 ax | 3D T1 Sag | 2D Multi-Echo Spin Echo | MRF |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
TSE + IR | TSE | MP2RAGE (T1 map) | (T2 map) | ||
Voxel dimensions [mm2] | 0.6 × 0.6 | 0.7 × 0.7 | 1.0 × 1.0 | 0.7 × 0.7 | 1.0 × 1.0 |
Matrix size | 384 × 276 | 320 × 240 | 256 × 216 | 320 × 257 | 256 × 256 |
No. slices | 10 | 23 | 160 | 10 | 10–13 |
Field of view [mm2] | 230 × 166 | 230 × 170 | 256 × 216 | 230 × 180 | 256 × 256 |
Slice thickness [mm] | 5.0 | 5.0 | 1.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 |
TE [ms] | 126 | 118 | 2.98 | 12.6, 25.2, … 201.6 | 2.0 |
TI [ms] | 2500 | – | 700, 2500 | – | 21.0 |
TR [ms] | 8500 | 4890 | 5000 | 2100 | 12.14–15.00 (varied by sequence) |
TA [min:sec] | 3:43 | 1:25 | 8:02 | 3:38 | 3:51–4:51 |
Acceleration factor | 1 (turbo factor: 19) | 2 | 2 | 3 | 24 (inner k-space), 48 (outer k-space) |
BW/pixel [Hz/pixel] | 140 | 130 | 240 | 150 | RX-Bandwidth: 400 kHz |
FA [°] | 180 | 180 | 4, 5 | 180 | 0–74 (varied by sequence) |
Fat saturation | Yes | – | No | No | no |
Tumor and Peritumoral Edema | Quantitative Parameter | MRFT1 Mean | MRFT2 Mean |
---|---|---|---|
Solid part | T1 mean | 0.913 | |
<0.001 | |||
T2 mean | 0.775 | ||
<0.001 | |||
ADC mean | 0.697 | 0.813 | |
<0.001 | <0.001 | ||
rCBV mean | −0.181 | −0.374 | |
0.181 | 0.005 | ||
Edema ≤ 1 cm adjacent to the solid part | T1 mean | 0.882 | |
<0.001 | |||
T2 mean | 0.884 | ||
<0.001 | |||
ADC mean | 0.742 | 0.900 | |
<0.001 | <0.001 | ||
rCBV mean | −0.174 | −0.223 | |
0.376 | 0.254 | ||
Edema > 1 cm adjacent to the solid part | T1 mean | 0.983 | |
<0.001 | |||
T2 mean | 0.983 | ||
<0.001 | |||
ADC mean | 0.810 | 0.786 | |
0.015 | 0.021 | ||
rCBV mean | <0.001 | −0.050 | |
1.000 | 0.898 |
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Springer, E.; Cardoso, P.L.; Strasser, B.; Bogner, W.; Preusser, M.; Widhalm, G.; Nittka, M.; Koerzdoerfer, G.; Szomolanyi, P.; Hangel, G.; et al. MR Fingerprinting—A Radiogenomic Marker for Diffuse Gliomas. Cancers 2022, 14, 723. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14030723
Springer E, Cardoso PL, Strasser B, Bogner W, Preusser M, Widhalm G, Nittka M, Koerzdoerfer G, Szomolanyi P, Hangel G, et al. MR Fingerprinting—A Radiogenomic Marker for Diffuse Gliomas. Cancers. 2022; 14(3):723. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14030723
Chicago/Turabian StyleSpringer, Elisabeth, Pedro Lima Cardoso, Bernhard Strasser, Wolfgang Bogner, Matthias Preusser, Georg Widhalm, Mathias Nittka, Gregor Koerzdoerfer, Pavol Szomolanyi, Gilbert Hangel, and et al. 2022. "MR Fingerprinting—A Radiogenomic Marker for Diffuse Gliomas" Cancers 14, no. 3: 723. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14030723