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Open AccessReview
Decoding the Prognostic Significance and Therapeutic Implications of Inflammation-Based Scores in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Comprehensive Review
by
Evgenia Kotsifa
Evgenia Kotsifa *,
Nikolaos Machairas
Nikolaos Machairas ,
Apostolos Angelis
Apostolos Angelis ,
Nikolaos I. Nikiteas
Nikolaos I. Nikiteas ,
Dimitrios Dimitroulis
Dimitrios Dimitroulis and
Georgios C. Sotiropoulos
Georgios C. Sotiropoulos
2nd Propaedeutic Department of Surgery, General Hospital of Athens “Laiko”, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Agiou Thoma 17, Athens 11527, Greece
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Submission received: 23 May 2024
/
Revised: 11 July 2024
/
Accepted: 12 July 2024
/
Published: 15 July 2024
Simple Summary
This review explores the emerging area of the prognostic significance and therapeutic implications of inflammation-based scores in Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Through comprehensive analysis and synthesis of existing literature, the paper highlights the prognostic value of these scores in predicting survival outcomes, recurrence, and treatment response in HCC patients. Furthermore, it discusses the underlying mechanisms linking inflammation with HCC progression and explores potential implications for personalized therapeutic strategies. Overall, this review underscores the importance of integrating inflammation-based scores into clinical practice for better risk stratification and management of HCC patients.
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer, posing a significant global health challenge with an increasing incidence. In recent years, multiple staging systems and scores have been proposed, emphasising the necessity for the development of precise prognostic tools. The well-documented etiological relationship between chronic inflammation and carcinogenesis has prompted researchers to explore novel prognostic markers associated with the inflammatory status of HCC patients. This review summarises the current data about inflammation-based scores in the context of HCC. We discuss established scores like the Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS), modified GPS (mGPS) and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and others not as extensively studied, examining their utility in predicting survival outcomes and treatment response in HCC patients. Furthermore, we explore emerging scores, including the prognostic nutritional index (PNI) and other lymphocyte-based scores, assessing their potential in refining risk stratification and guiding therapeutic decisions in the era of precision medicine. As research progresses and these scores undergo further refinement and integration into the evolving landscape of HCC management, they carry significant potential for improving patient outcomes.
Share and Cite
MDPI and ACS Style
Kotsifa, E.; Machairas, N.; Angelis, A.; Nikiteas, N.I.; Dimitroulis, D.; Sotiropoulos, G.C.
Decoding the Prognostic Significance and Therapeutic Implications of Inflammation-Based Scores in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Comprehensive Review. Cancers 2024, 16, 2549.
https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16142549
AMA Style
Kotsifa E, Machairas N, Angelis A, Nikiteas NI, Dimitroulis D, Sotiropoulos GC.
Decoding the Prognostic Significance and Therapeutic Implications of Inflammation-Based Scores in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Comprehensive Review. Cancers. 2024; 16(14):2549.
https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16142549
Chicago/Turabian Style
Kotsifa, Evgenia, Nikolaos Machairas, Apostolos Angelis, Nikolaos I. Nikiteas, Dimitrios Dimitroulis, and Georgios C. Sotiropoulos.
2024. "Decoding the Prognostic Significance and Therapeutic Implications of Inflammation-Based Scores in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Comprehensive Review" Cancers 16, no. 14: 2549.
https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16142549
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