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Open AccessReview
Influence of Rurality on Oral Cancer Trends among Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD) Member Countries—A Scoping Review
by
Poornima Ramamurthy
Poornima Ramamurthy 1,2,*,
Dileep Sharma
Dileep Sharma
Dr. Dileep Sharma is a Professor and the Head of the Discipline of Oral Health Therapy at The of and [...]
Dr. Dileep Sharma is a Professor and the Head of the Discipline of Oral Health Therapy at The University of Newcastle and an Adjunct Professor at James Cook University, Australia. Dr. Dileep holds a PhD from Griffith University in addition to his Clinical Master's in Periodontics and Bachelor's Degree in Dentistry. His research team was awarded the Clarks Family Award for Sustainable Dental Materials research by the Australian Dental Research Foundation and the ANZ Joan Chong Award in Dental Materials by the International Association for Dental Research. Dr. Dileep was also awarded two fellowships in the FDI World Dental Congress held at the International Convention Centre Sydney in September 2023—the Fellowship of Pierre Fauchard Academy and the Fellowship of International College of Dentists—both awarded in recognition of his contributions and leadership in the field of Clinical Dentistry, Research, and Dental education. Additionally, Dr. Dileep has extensive experience as a principal and co-investigator for various externally funded research projects with various funders including the Australian Dental Research Foundation and Tropical Australian Academic Health Centre, Australia.
1,3,*
,
Alan Clough
Alan Clough 4 and
Peter Thomson
Peter Thomson 5
1
College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Cairns 4870, Australia
2
Eleanor Duncan Aboriginal Services, Mardi 2259, Australia
3
School of Health Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Ourimbah 2258, Australia
4
College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns 4870, Australia
5
School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Southport 4215, Australia
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Cancers 2024, 16(17), 2957; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16172957 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 1 July 2024
/
Revised: 23 August 2024
/
Accepted: 23 August 2024
/
Published: 24 August 2024
Simple Summary
Oral cancer affects the mouth and throat areas. It is a major cause of death for older people in developed countries. This review looked at how living in rural areas influences oral cancer trends in these countries. The studies from these countries showed increasing rates of oral cancer in rural areas of the US, Australia, Canada, and Europe. Older people are more affected by these cancers than younger groups. The main risk factors are tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and HPV infections. People in rural areas often do not know much about HPV-related cancers. They also tend to use more tobacco and alcohol than city dwellers. Even in developed countries, living in rural areas can lead to shorter lifespans for oral cancer patients. This is mainly because it is harder for them to access specialized cancer treatment centres and advanced medical care. In summary, where people live can significantly impact their chances of surviving oral cancer, even in wealthy nations.
Abstract
Oral cancer is the general term used to describe cancers of the oral cavity and oropharyngeal region. These cancers are one of the leading causes of death in elderly residents within the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) member countries in the 21st century. This scoping review was carried out to assess the influence of rurality on oral cancer trends and patterns among OECD member countries. Four online databases (Medline, PubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL) were searched for studies that reported on oral cancer trends in rural and remote areas in OECD member countries. A total of 1143 articles were obtained initially; among them, 995 papers were screened to include 18 articles for this scoping review. Studies have reported increasing incidence and prevalence in the United States, Australia, Canada, and European countries wherein risk factors such as tobacco, alcohol, and human papilloma virus (HPV) infections were associated with oral and oropharyngeal cancers. Awareness among people living in rural areas about HPV-related cancers was very low, while rates of tobacco and alcohol abuse were noted to be rising more rapidly than among their urban counterparts. Furthermore, the ageing population was most affected compared to the younger age groups of people with oral and oropharyngeal cancer that are prevalent in these regions. Overall, despite living in developed countries, rurality was noted to be a significant factor in the lower life expectancy of oral cancer patients, mainly due to the limited accessibility to tertiary cancer care centres and advanced medical care.
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MDPI and ACS Style
Ramamurthy, P.; Sharma, D.; Clough, A.; Thomson, P.
Influence of Rurality on Oral Cancer Trends among Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD) Member Countries—A Scoping Review. Cancers 2024, 16, 2957.
https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16172957
AMA Style
Ramamurthy P, Sharma D, Clough A, Thomson P.
Influence of Rurality on Oral Cancer Trends among Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD) Member Countries—A Scoping Review. Cancers. 2024; 16(17):2957.
https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16172957
Chicago/Turabian Style
Ramamurthy, Poornima, Dileep Sharma, Alan Clough, and Peter Thomson.
2024. "Influence of Rurality on Oral Cancer Trends among Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD) Member Countries—A Scoping Review" Cancers 16, no. 17: 2957.
https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16172957
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