Is Autophagy Targeting a Valid Adjuvant Strategy in Conjunction with Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors?
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and Autophagy
2.1. ErbB Inhbitors
2.1.1. Afatinib
2.1.2. Lapatinib
2.2. ALK Inhibitors
2.2.1. Brigatinib
2.2.2. Lorlatinib
2.2.3. Crizotinib
2.3. EGFR Inhibitors
2.3.1. Gefitinib
2.3.2. Erlotinib
2.3.3. Osimertinib
2.3.4. Dacomitinib
2.3.5. Mobocertinib
2.4. VEGFR Inhibitors
2.4.1. Vandetanib
2.4.2. Cabozantinib
2.4.3. Sunitinib and Sorafenib
2.4.4. Regorafenib
2.4.5. Pazopanib
2.4.6. Lenvatinib
2.4.7. Tivozanib
2.4.8. Axitinib
2.5. BCR–ABL
2.5.1. Imatinib
2.5.2. Bosutinib
2.5.3. Dasatinib
2.5.4. Nilotinib
2.5.5. Ponatinib
2.6. MEK1/2
2.7. BTK Inhibitors
Ibrutinib
2.8. TRK Inhibitors
2.8.1. Entrectinib
2.8.2. Larotrectinib
2.9. JAK Inhibitors
Ruxolitinib
2.10. PDGFR Inhibitors
3. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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TKI Inhibitor | Class | Cell Lines/Tumor Type | Role of Autophagy | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Afatinib | ERBB inhibitor | Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells; FaDu, HN6, and CAL-27 cell lines; and in vivo using nude mice inoculated with H1975 cells | Cytoprotective | [45] |
lung adenocarcinoma with activating EGFR mutations using H1650 and H1975 cells | Cytoprotective | [46] | ||
Lapatinib | ERBB inhibitor | HER2 breast cancer using parental BT-474 and AU-565 cells and the resistant cells BT-474LapR and AU-565LapR | Cytoprotective | [49] |
HER2 breast cancer; BT474 and AU565 cell lines | Cytotoxic | [50] | ||
AML-derived U937 and K562 cell line | Cytotoxic | [51] | ||
HCC cell lines, including Huh7, HepG2, and HA22T cells | Cytotoxic | [52] | ||
Esophageal carcinoma using HER2-positive, sensitive, and resistant OE19 cell lines | Cytoprotective | [53] | ||
lapatinib and gefitinib | T24 and J82 human bladder cancer cells | Cytoprotective | [55] | |
Brigatinib | ALK inhibitor | ALK positive cells, H3122 and H2228 NSCLC cells, as well as ALK-negative cell lines, A549 (NSCLC), Hep3B (HCC), Du145 (brain), and HCT116 (lung) cells Colorectal cancer cell lines (DLD-1, HCT116, HT29, RKO, SW620): human colon mucosal epithelial cell line, NCM460 In vivo using nude mice subcutaneously inoculated with DLD-1 cells | Cytoprotective | [58] |
Lorlatinib | ALK inhibitor | ALK-positive NSCLC cells, H3122, and H2228 cell lines In vivo using H3122 xenograft mouse model | Cytoprotective | [64] |
Crizotinib | ALK inhibitor | Lung cell lines, including SPC-A1, A549, and H2228 cells In vivo using SPC-A1 xenograft mouse models | Cytoprotective | [68] |
Lung H3122-sensitive cells and H3122CR-1-resistant cell lines In vivo using mouse xenografts injected with H3122CR-1-resistant cells | Cytoprotective | [69] | ||
ALK-positive large cell lymphoma cell lines, Karpas-299 and SU-DHL-1 cells, and ALK-negative FEBD cells In vivo using Karpas-299 xenograft mouse tumor models | Cytoprotective | [70] | ||
MET overexpressed, SNU-5, and MKN45 cells | Cytotoxic | [71] | ||
Ibrutinib | BTK inhibitor | HS-4 skin cancer cell line | Cytoprotective | [253] |
LN229 and U87 glioblastoma cell lines In vivo using U87 cells xenograft mice models | Cytoprotective | [254] | ||
Entrectinib | TRK inhibitor | Neuroblastoma cell lines bearing various statuses of ALK gene: NB3R1275Q, NB1amp, IMR32wt, and SHSY5YF1174L cells | Cytoprotective | [256] |
Larotrectinib | TRK inhibitor | Colorectal carcinoma using COLO205 and HCT116 colon cancer cell lines In vivo using nude mice injected subcutaneously with HCT116 cell line | Cytotoxic | [258] |
Ruxotinib | JAK inhibitor | Megakaryoblastic cell line, SET2 cells | Cytoprotective | [260] |
Myeloproliferative neoplasms models, HEL, and SET-2 cells | Cytoprotective | [262] | ||
Dacomitinib | 2nd-generation EGFR inhibitor | NSCLC cell lines (NCI-H1975, NCI-H1650, HCC827, A549, and NCI-H1299) | Cytoprotective | [121] |
Erlotinib | 1st-generation EGFR inhibitor | Lung cancer cell lines (A549, NCI-H1299, NCI-H292, NCI-H1650, and SK-MES-1) | Cytoprotective | [74] |
NSCLC cell lines (A549, H522, H1975, and PC9) | Cytotoxic | [101] | ||
Gefitinib | 1st-generation EGFR inhibitor | Glioblastoma cell lines (T98G, LN229, and U87MG) | Cytoprotective | [79] |
NSCLC cell lines (PC-9, A549, and H226) Leukemia cell lines (HL-60, K562, Chop−/−MEF and Chop+/+MEF) | Cytoprotective | [76] | ||
Sinus-derived squamous cell carcinoma cell lines (UM-SCC1 and PCI-15B) Oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines (MDA-686LN) T-24 transitional cell carcinoma cell lines (Hela-R29 and Hela-R30) | Cytotoxic | [89] | ||
Lung cancer cell lines (HCC827 EGFR 19del, H1975 EGFR L858R, and T790M mutations) | Cytoprotective | [82] | ||
Mobocertinib | EGFR inhibitor | NA | NA | NA |
Osimertinib | 3rd-generation EGFR inhibitor | NSCLC cell lines (PC-9GR and H1975) | Cytoprotective | [109] |
Lung cancer cell lines (PC-9, PC-9GR, and H1957) | Cytoprotective | [41] | ||
Cancer cell lines (DLD-1, HT29, HCT116, SW620, LoVo, RKO, and SW480) | Cytoprotective | [41] | ||
Avapritinib | PDFGFR inhibitor | NA | NA | NA |
Ripretinib | PDGFR KIT inhibitor | NA | NA | NA |
Axitinib | 2nd-generation VEGFR inhibitor | NA | NA | NA |
Vandetanib | 2nd-generation VEGFR inhibitor | NSCLC cell lines (Calu-6) | Cytoprotective | [134] |
Glioblastoma cell lines (U251 and U87MG) Mouse xenograft tumor model | Cytoprotective | [136] | ||
Glioma cell lines (C6) C6 tumor intracranial-bearing mice | Cytoprotective | [137] | ||
Tivozanib | 2nd-generation VEGFR inhibitor | NA | NA | NA |
Sunitinib | 2nd-generation VEGFR inhibitor | Medullary thyroid cancer cell lines (MTC, TT) | Cytotoxic | [167] |
Rat Pheochromocytoma cells (PC12) | Cytoprotective | [151] | ||
Human breast (MCF-7, T-47D), cervical (Hela), colorectal (Caco-2, HCT116), hepatocellular (HepG2), laryngeal (HEp-2) and prostate (PC3) cell lines. Ehrlich ascites carcinoma Swiss albino mouse models | Cytoprotective | [153] | ||
Pancreatic neuroendocrine cell lines (BON1 cell line) | Cytoprotective | [152] | ||
Sorafenib | 2nd-generation VEGFR inhibitor | Medullary thyroid cancer cell lines (MTC and TT) | Cytotoxic | [167] |
Renal cell carcinoma cell lines (786-0 and A489) | Cytoprotective | [162] | ||
Hepatocellular Carcinoma cell lines (PLC5 and SK-Hep1) Male NCr athymic nude mice | Cytotoxic | [159] | ||
Hepatocellular Carcinoma cell lines (Bel-7402 and HepG2) | Cytoprotective | [164] | ||
Regorafenib | 2nd-generation VEGFR inhibitor | Glioblastoma multiforme cell lines BALB/c nude mice and NOD/SCID mice Zebrafish xenograft model | Cytotoxic | [173] |
Hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines (HepG2 and Huh7) Sorafenib-resistant HepG2 and Huh7 cells | Cytotoxic | [174] | ||
Pazopanib | 2nd-generation VEGFR inhibitor | Bladder cancer cell lines (p53 mutant, 5637, and J82) | Cytoprotective | [154] |
Lenvatinib | 2nd generation VEGFR inhibitor | Papillary thyroid cancer cell lines (K1 and BCPAP) Lenvatinib treated nude mice | Cytoprotective | [179] |
Gallbladder cancer cell lines (GBC-SD and NOZ) Lenvatinib treated immunodeficient BALB/c nude mice | Cytoprotective | [180] | ||
Cabozantinib | 2nd-generation VEGFR inhibitor | Renal cancer cell lines (786-0, ACHN, Caki-1, and Caki-2) | Cytotoxic | [145] |
Colorectal carcinoma cell lines (HCT116 and HT29) | Cytoprotective | [143] | ||
Imatinib | 1st-generation BCR-ABL inhibitor | Gastrointestinal stromal tumor cells (GIST-T1 and GIST882 cells) | Cytoprotective | [207] |
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor cells (GFRA1-positive GIST-882 cells) | Cytoprotective | [208] | ||
Mouse xenograft model derived from gastrointestinal stromal tumor cells | Cytoprotective | [209] | ||
Imatinib-resistant GIST cells | Cytoprotective | [210] | ||
Bosutinib | 2nd-generation BCR-ABL inhibitor | Melanoma cells | NA | [216] |
Dasatinib | 2nd-generation BCR-ABL inhibitor | Malignant pleural mesothelioma cells (SPC111and and SPC111 cell lines) | Cytoprotective | [219] |
Ovarian cancer cells (SKOv3 and HEY cells) | Cytotoxic | [220] | ||
Nilotinib | 2nd-generation BCR-ABL inhibitor | NA | NA | NA |
Ponatinib | 3rd-generation BCR-ABL inhibitor | Neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y cells), wild-type zebrafish embryos, and IMR-32-bearing mice | Cytoprotective | [230] |
Trametinib | MEK inhibitor | Lung cancer cells | NA | [241] |
Melanoma in TyrCreER.BrafCa.Ptenfl/fl mice | Cytoprotective | [242] | ||
Mice bearing GNAQ/11-driven melanomas | Cytoprotective (plus HCQ, not BAF A1) | [244] | ||
Binimetinib | MEK inhibitor | Non-small cell lung cancer (A549 cells) | Cytoprotective | [248] |
Selumetinib | MEK inhibitor | Colorectal cancer cells (SW480 and HT29) | Cytoprotective | [249] |
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Elshazly, A.M.; Xu, J.; Melhem, N.; Abdulnaby, A.; Elzahed, A.A.; Saleh, T.; Gewirtz, D.A. Is Autophagy Targeting a Valid Adjuvant Strategy in Conjunction with Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors? Cancers 2024, 16, 2989. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16172989
Elshazly AM, Xu J, Melhem N, Abdulnaby A, Elzahed AA, Saleh T, Gewirtz DA. Is Autophagy Targeting a Valid Adjuvant Strategy in Conjunction with Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors? Cancers. 2024; 16(17):2989. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16172989
Chicago/Turabian StyleElshazly, Ahmed M., Jingwen Xu, Nebras Melhem, Alsayed Abdulnaby, Aya A. Elzahed, Tareq Saleh, and David A. Gewirtz. 2024. "Is Autophagy Targeting a Valid Adjuvant Strategy in Conjunction with Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors?" Cancers 16, no. 17: 2989. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16172989