Salivary Interleukin-13 and Transforming Growth Factor Beta as Potential Biomarkers of Cancer Cachexia
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Patient Selection and Sampling
2.2. Sample Processing
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Cachexia | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N = 78 | NC, N = 46 | C, N = 32 | p | |||
Gender | F | N | 34 | 20 | 14 | 0.231 |
% | 44 | 59 | 41 | |||
M | N | 44 | 26 | 18 | ||
% | 56 | 59 | 41 | |||
Age (y) | median | 52 | 60 | 60 | 0.170 | |
range | 48–62 | 21–78 | 37–74 | |||
BMI (kg/m2) | median | 23.4 | 26.6 | 17.74 | <0.001 | |
range | 15.5–40.4 | 20–40.4 | 15.4–19.8 | |||
CRP (mg/mL) | median | 6.7 | 7.6 | 3.2 | 0.100 | |
range | 0.5–112 | 1–112 | 0.5–64.7 | |||
AST (U/L) | median | 25 | 25 | 28.5 | 0.783 | |
(RV 11–38 U/L) | range | 8–115 | 9–115 | 8–83 | ||
ALT (U/L) | median | 18 | 19 | 17 | 0.683 | |
(RV 12–48 U/L) | range | 6–146 | 6–146 | 6–86 | ||
Albumin (g/L) | median | 37.2 | 38.2 | 37.1 | 0.041 | |
(RV 40.6–51.4 g/L) | range | 22.3–47.8 | 28.3–47.8 | 22.3–43.1 | ||
Total protein (g/L) | median | 69.5 | 71 | 68 | 0.226 | |
(RV 66–81 g/L) | range | 52–91 | 54–91 | 52–77 | ||
IL-13 (pg/mL) | median | 37.4 | 35.4 | 38.5 | 0.159 | |
(serum) | range | 13.6–56.7 | 13.6–56.7 | 18.8–54.3 | ||
IL-13 (pg/mL) | median | 75.4 | 64.2 | 99.9 | <0.001 | |
(saliva) | range | 37.8–183.3 | 37.8–136.4 | 52.1–183.3 | ||
TGF-β (pg/mL) | Median | 97.6 | 73.5 | 168.3 | <0.001 | |
(serum) | Range | 22.1–224.5 | 22.1–196.3 | 28.3–224.5 | ||
TGF-β (pg/mL) | Median | 114 | 97.4 | 216.6 | <0.001 | |
(saliva) | range | 27.3–283.5 | 27.3–176.5 | 66.3–283.5 |
IL-13 (Serum) | IL-13 (Saliva) | TGF-β (Serum) | TGF-β (Saliva) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NC | C | NC | C | NC | C | NC | C | |
Gender | 0.734 | 0.516 | 0.643 | 0.551 | 0.510 | 0.713 | 0.100 | 0.137 |
Age | 0.680 | 0.354 | 0.117 | 0.855 | 0.662 | 0.669 | 0.721 | 0.358 |
BMI | 0.009 | 0.076 | 0.008 | 0.061 | 0.010 | 0.045 | 0.125 | 0.045 |
CRP | 0.741 | 0.546 | 0.208 | 0.647 | 0.370 | 0.360 | 0.482 | 0.453 |
AST | 0.560 | 0.894 | 0.566 | 0.120 | 0.424 | 0.480 | 0.373 | 0.371 |
ALT | 0.718 | 0.810 | 0.140 | 0.086 | 0.651 | 0.895 | 0.721 | 0.358 |
Albumin | 0.404 | 0.622 | 0.068 | 0.287 | 0.149 | 0.297 | 0.489 | 0.672 |
Total protein | 0.617 | 0.196 | 0.771 | 0.607 | 0.411 | 0.468 | 0.100 | 0.137 |
Variables | B | SE | β | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
Constant | 1.62 | |||
Gender | 0.129 | 0.073 | 0.107 | 0.085 |
Age | −0.003 | 0.003 | −0.151 | 0.311 |
BMI | −0.023 | 0.009 | −0.370 | 0.010 |
CRP | −0.002 | 0.001 | −0.193 | 0.197 |
AST | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.075 | 0.611 |
ALT | −0.002 | 0.001 | −0.190 | 0.199 |
Albumin | −0.012 | 0.005 | −0.322 | 0.027 |
Total protein | 0.003 | 0.005 | 0.081 | 0.556 |
IL-13 (serum) | −0.045 | 0.071 | −0.093 | 0.528 |
IL-13 (saliva) | 0.173 | 0.082 | 0.295 | 0.020 |
TGF-β (serum) | −0.226 | 0.141 | −0.231 | 0.113 |
TGF-β (saliva) | 0.591 | 0.154 | 0.491 | 0.001 |
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Belev, B.; Vičić, I.; Sedlić, F.; Prtorić, M.; Soče, M.; Prejac, J.; Potočki, S.; Silovski, T.; Herceg, D.; Kulić, A. Salivary Interleukin-13 and Transforming Growth Factor Beta as Potential Biomarkers of Cancer Cachexia. Cancers 2024, 16, 3035. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16173035
Belev B, Vičić I, Sedlić F, Prtorić M, Soče M, Prejac J, Potočki S, Silovski T, Herceg D, Kulić A. Salivary Interleukin-13 and Transforming Growth Factor Beta as Potential Biomarkers of Cancer Cachexia. Cancers. 2024; 16(17):3035. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16173035
Chicago/Turabian StyleBelev, Borislav, Ivan Vičić, Filip Sedlić, Matko Prtorić, Majana Soče, Juraj Prejac, Slavica Potočki, Tajana Silovski, Davorin Herceg, and Ana Kulić. 2024. "Salivary Interleukin-13 and Transforming Growth Factor Beta as Potential Biomarkers of Cancer Cachexia" Cancers 16, no. 17: 3035. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16173035